Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism
In general, greenhouse cultivation involves the rampant application of chemical fertilizers, with the aim of achieving high yields. Oversaturation with mineral nutrients that aid plant growth, development, and yield may lead to abiotic stress conditions. We explore the effects of excess magnesium on...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/10/231 |
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| author | Min Cheol Kwon Yangmin X. Kim Seulbi Lee Eun Sung Jung Digar Singh Jwakyung Sung Choong Hwan Lee |
| author_facet | Min Cheol Kwon Yangmin X. Kim Seulbi Lee Eun Sung Jung Digar Singh Jwakyung Sung Choong Hwan Lee |
| author_sort | Min Cheol Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In general, greenhouse cultivation involves the rampant application of chemical fertilizers, with the aim of achieving high yields. Oversaturation with mineral nutrients that aid plant growth, development, and yield may lead to abiotic stress conditions. We explore the effects of excess magnesium on tomato plant metabolism, as well as tomato fruit quality using non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches. Tomato plants were subjected to three different experiments, including high magnesium stress (MgH), extremely high magnesium stress (MgEH), and a control with optimal nutrient levels. Leaves, roots, and fruits were harvested at 16 weeks following the treatment. A metabolic pathway analysis showed that the metabolism induced by Mg oversupply was remarkably different between the leaf and root. Tomato plants allocated more resources to roots by upregulating carbohydrate and polyamine metabolism, while these pathways were downregulated in leaves. Mg oversupply affects the fruit metabolome in plants. In particular, the relative abundance of threonic acid, xylose, fucose, glucose, fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, oxoglutaric acid, threonine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and asparagine responsible for the flavor of tomato fruits was significantly decreased in the presence of Mg oversupply. Altogether, we concluded that Mg oversupply leads to drastically higher metabolite transport from sources (fully expanded leaves) to sinks (young leaves and roots), and thus, produces unfavorable outcomes in fruit quality and development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:24:37Z |
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| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:24:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-48d8621d7acf446a9a7c1d9138867e762022-12-21T19:39:17ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892019-10-0191023110.3390/metabo9100231metabo9100231Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant MetabolismMin Cheol Kwon0Yangmin X. Kim1Seulbi Lee2Eun Sung Jung3Digar Singh4Jwakyung Sung5Choong Hwan Lee6Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaNational Institutes of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaNational Institutes of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaDepartment of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaIn general, greenhouse cultivation involves the rampant application of chemical fertilizers, with the aim of achieving high yields. Oversaturation with mineral nutrients that aid plant growth, development, and yield may lead to abiotic stress conditions. We explore the effects of excess magnesium on tomato plant metabolism, as well as tomato fruit quality using non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches. Tomato plants were subjected to three different experiments, including high magnesium stress (MgH), extremely high magnesium stress (MgEH), and a control with optimal nutrient levels. Leaves, roots, and fruits were harvested at 16 weeks following the treatment. A metabolic pathway analysis showed that the metabolism induced by Mg oversupply was remarkably different between the leaf and root. Tomato plants allocated more resources to roots by upregulating carbohydrate and polyamine metabolism, while these pathways were downregulated in leaves. Mg oversupply affects the fruit metabolome in plants. In particular, the relative abundance of threonic acid, xylose, fucose, glucose, fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, oxoglutaric acid, threonine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and asparagine responsible for the flavor of tomato fruits was significantly decreased in the presence of Mg oversupply. Altogether, we concluded that Mg oversupply leads to drastically higher metabolite transport from sources (fully expanded leaves) to sinks (young leaves and roots), and thus, produces unfavorable outcomes in fruit quality and development.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/10/231tomatomagnesium oversupplymetabolomicsmetabolic pathwayfruit quality |
| spellingShingle | Min Cheol Kwon Yangmin X. Kim Seulbi Lee Eun Sung Jung Digar Singh Jwakyung Sung Choong Hwan Lee Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism Metabolites tomato magnesium oversupply metabolomics metabolic pathway fruit quality |
| title | Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism |
| title_full | Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism |
| title_short | Comparative Metabolomics Unravel the Effect of Magnesium Oversupply on Tomato Fruit Quality and Associated Plant Metabolism |
| title_sort | comparative metabolomics unravel the effect of magnesium oversupply on tomato fruit quality and associated plant metabolism |
| topic | tomato magnesium oversupply metabolomics metabolic pathway fruit quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/10/231 |
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