The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
<i>Background</i>: Despite the growing interest in golf, the impact of motion control strategy on golf performance may be uncertain. A network meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between ground reaction force (GRF), foot positions, and club types in golf and dete...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/12/7209 |
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| author | Xinci You Yining Xu Minjun Liang Julien S. Baker Yaodong Gu |
| author_facet | Xinci You Yining Xu Minjun Liang Julien S. Baker Yaodong Gu |
| author_sort | Xinci You |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background</i>: Despite the growing interest in golf, the impact of motion control strategy on golf performance may be uncertain. A network meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between ground reaction force (GRF), foot positions, and club types in golf and determine whether different clubs have a different impact when swinging. <i>Methods</i>: Three databases were searched from the time of inception to March 2023. Eligibility criteria included studies that provided data using a driver to swing and compared outcomes to control data. <i>Results</i>: Searches yielded 6527 studies. Seven studies met the selection criteria (<i>n</i> = 422 participants). The results showed that an iron 6 is the best when considering the trail foot vertical ground reaction force (TVGRF), trail foot anteroposterior ground reaction force (TAGRF), and lead foot vertical ground reaction force (LVGRF). The pitching wedge was the best in the lead foot mediolateral ground reaction force (LMGRF) and lead foot anteroposterior ground reaction force (LAGRF). Iron 7 was the best in the trail foot mediolateral ground reaction force (TMGRF), and the lead foot was larger than the trail foot to the vertical GRF. <i>Discussion</i>: The study found that clubs may influence a player’s posture and swing power because golf clubs are available in various lengths and shapes. The lead foot generates a larger GRF than the trail foot; three-dimensional GRFs differ among golf clubs. When a golfer aims to maximize the distance of their drives, they must generate relatively more resultant horizontal reaction force (RFH). Golfers often use different clubs to achieve optimal performance on the course by controlling their motion. However, there needs to be a focus on the quality of the included studies because the sample size was too small, increasing the risk of bias associated with the results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:48:36Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:48:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-48d9565f39714da6adf7d2902c11e6e52023-11-18T09:10:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-06-011312720910.3390/app13127209The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisXinci You0Yining Xu1Minjun Liang2Julien S. Baker3Yaodong Gu4Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaCentre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 810007, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China<i>Background</i>: Despite the growing interest in golf, the impact of motion control strategy on golf performance may be uncertain. A network meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between ground reaction force (GRF), foot positions, and club types in golf and determine whether different clubs have a different impact when swinging. <i>Methods</i>: Three databases were searched from the time of inception to March 2023. Eligibility criteria included studies that provided data using a driver to swing and compared outcomes to control data. <i>Results</i>: Searches yielded 6527 studies. Seven studies met the selection criteria (<i>n</i> = 422 participants). The results showed that an iron 6 is the best when considering the trail foot vertical ground reaction force (TVGRF), trail foot anteroposterior ground reaction force (TAGRF), and lead foot vertical ground reaction force (LVGRF). The pitching wedge was the best in the lead foot mediolateral ground reaction force (LMGRF) and lead foot anteroposterior ground reaction force (LAGRF). Iron 7 was the best in the trail foot mediolateral ground reaction force (TMGRF), and the lead foot was larger than the trail foot to the vertical GRF. <i>Discussion</i>: The study found that clubs may influence a player’s posture and swing power because golf clubs are available in various lengths and shapes. The lead foot generates a larger GRF than the trail foot; three-dimensional GRFs differ among golf clubs. When a golfer aims to maximize the distance of their drives, they must generate relatively more resultant horizontal reaction force (RFH). Golfers often use different clubs to achieve optimal performance on the course by controlling their motion. However, there needs to be a focus on the quality of the included studies because the sample size was too small, increasing the risk of bias associated with the results.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/12/7209golfground reaction forcetype of clubfoot |
| spellingShingle | Xinci You Yining Xu Minjun Liang Julien S. Baker Yaodong Gu The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Applied Sciences golf ground reaction force type of club foot |
| title | The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | The Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces, Foot Positions and Type of Clubs Used in Golf: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | relationship between ground reaction forces foot positions and type of clubs used in golf a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | golf ground reaction force type of club foot |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/12/7209 |
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