Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece
Bee bread is the only fermented product of the beehive. It constitutes the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and macro- and microelements in honeybee nutrition and it exerts antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, though research on these aspects has been limited so far. In this study 18...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/5/555 |
| _version_ | 1827692983227514880 |
|---|---|
| author | Nikos Asoutis Didaras Ioannis Kafantaris Tilemachos G. Dimitriou Chrysanthi Mitsagga Katerina Karatasou Ioannis Giavasis Dimitris Stagos Grigoris D. Amoutzias Fani Hatjina Dimitris Mossialos |
| author_facet | Nikos Asoutis Didaras Ioannis Kafantaris Tilemachos G. Dimitriou Chrysanthi Mitsagga Katerina Karatasou Ioannis Giavasis Dimitris Stagos Grigoris D. Amoutzias Fani Hatjina Dimitris Mossialos |
| author_sort | Nikos Asoutis Didaras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bee bread is the only fermented product of the beehive. It constitutes the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and macro- and microelements in honeybee nutrition and it exerts antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, though research on these aspects has been limited so far. In this study 18 samples of Greek bee bread, two of which were monofloral, were collected during different seasons from diverse locations such as Crete and Mount Athos and were tested for their bioactivity. Samples were analyzed for their antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antimicrobial activity of each sample was tested against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>. Our data demonstrate that all samples exert inhibitory and most of them bactericidal activity against at least two pathogens. Furthermore, all samples exert significant antioxidant activity, where the monofloral <i>Castanea Sativa</i> sample demonstrated superior antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were not strongly correlated. Furthermore, machine learning methods demonstrated that the palynological composition of the samples is a good predictor of their TPC and ABTS activity. This is the first study that focuses on the biological properties of Greek bee bread and demonstrates that bee bread can be considered a functional food and a possible source of novel antimicrobial compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48ddc5cc536f47aba6ddecf69f52fc3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-48ddc5cc536f47aba6ddecf69f52fc3a2023-11-21T19:01:24ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-05-0110555510.3390/antibiotics10050555Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across GreeceNikos Asoutis Didaras0Ioannis Kafantaris1Tilemachos G. Dimitriou2Chrysanthi Mitsagga3Katerina Karatasou4Ioannis Giavasis5Dimitris Stagos6Grigoris D. Amoutzias7Fani Hatjina8Dimitris Mossialos9Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceApicultural Centre of Larissa, Federation of Greek Beekeepers Associations, 41222 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceLaboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceBioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation DEMETER, 63200 Nea Moudania, GreeceLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceBee bread is the only fermented product of the beehive. It constitutes the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and macro- and microelements in honeybee nutrition and it exerts antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, though research on these aspects has been limited so far. In this study 18 samples of Greek bee bread, two of which were monofloral, were collected during different seasons from diverse locations such as Crete and Mount Athos and were tested for their bioactivity. Samples were analyzed for their antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antimicrobial activity of each sample was tested against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>. Our data demonstrate that all samples exert inhibitory and most of them bactericidal activity against at least two pathogens. Furthermore, all samples exert significant antioxidant activity, where the monofloral <i>Castanea Sativa</i> sample demonstrated superior antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were not strongly correlated. Furthermore, machine learning methods demonstrated that the palynological composition of the samples is a good predictor of their TPC and ABTS activity. This is the first study that focuses on the biological properties of Greek bee bread and demonstrates that bee bread can be considered a functional food and a possible source of novel antimicrobial compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/5/555bee breadbee productantioxidantantibacterialfunctional food |
| spellingShingle | Nikos Asoutis Didaras Ioannis Kafantaris Tilemachos G. Dimitriou Chrysanthi Mitsagga Katerina Karatasou Ioannis Giavasis Dimitris Stagos Grigoris D. Amoutzias Fani Hatjina Dimitris Mossialos Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece Antibiotics bee bread bee product antioxidant antibacterial functional food |
| title | Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece |
| title_full | Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece |
| title_fullStr | Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece |
| title_short | Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece |
| title_sort | biological properties of bee bread collected from apiaries located across greece |
| topic | bee bread bee product antioxidant antibacterial functional food |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/5/555 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nikosasoutisdidaras biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT ioanniskafantaris biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT tilemachosgdimitriou biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT chrysanthimitsagga biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT katerinakaratasou biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT ioannisgiavasis biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT dimitrisstagos biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT grigorisdamoutzias biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT fanihatjina biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece AT dimitrismossialos biologicalpropertiesofbeebreadcollectedfromapiarieslocatedacrossgreece |