Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterised by positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, as well as negative symptoms including anhedonia, asociality, avolition, and affective blunting. It may also be associated with cognitive deficits. Sleep disturbances...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18763/67641_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(SHK_RDW_SHU)_PF1(AG_OM)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
| _version_ | 1797398826079748096 |
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| author | Sagarika Ray Partha Sarathi Kundu Amit Kumar Bhattacharya Amit Kumar Pal |
| author_facet | Sagarika Ray Partha Sarathi Kundu Amit Kumar Bhattacharya Amit Kumar Pal |
| author_sort | Sagarika Ray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder
characterised by positive symptoms such as delusions
and hallucinations, as well as negative symptoms including
anhedonia, asociality, avolition, and affective blunting. It may
also be associated with cognitive deficits. Sleep disturbances
are commonly encountered in schizophrenia, and there may be
variations in sleep patterns among its different subtypes. These
differences in sleep patterns could have prognostic implications
for the various subtypes of schizophrenia. Effective management
of sleep disturbances could contribute to the recovery and wellbeing of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Aim: To compare the differences in sleep architecture between
the various subtypes of schizophrenia and to compare them
with socio-demographically matched healthy volunteers.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was
conducted at the Institute of Psychiatry-Centre of Excellence,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India over a duration of one year (May
2016 to June 2017). The study included 60 medication-naïve
patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to International
Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria, and a control group
of 30 demographically matched healthy volunteers. All study
participants were aged between 18 and 60 years and free from
any co-morbid illnesses. Patients with schizophrenia were
further classified into four groups based on the ICD-10 subtypes:
paranoid, hebephrenic, catatonic, and undifferentiated.
Overnight polysomnography was performed to assess sleep
parameters, including total record time, total sleep time, sleep
onset latency, Rapid Eye Movement (REM), sleep latency, sleep
efficiency, durations of Total Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)
Sleep, Total REM sleep, and the different phases of NREM sleep.
Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA), Chi-square, and t-test were used as applicable, with a
p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed a decrease in sleep efficiency,
total sleep time, and shorter duration of mean N1, N2, and N3
sleep in schizophrenia patients compared to the control group.
There was a significant difference in N3 sleep duration, reduced
duration of total NREM and REM sleep, reduced REM latency,
increased sleep onset latency, and the number of awakenings
during sleep in schizophrenia patients. Statistically significant
differences (p-values <0.05) were also noted in some sleep
parameters among the various subtypes of schizophrenia.
The paranoid subtype had the shortest REM latency, while the
catatonic subtype had the longest. The hebephrenic subtype
had the lowest percentage of REM sleep and sleep efficiency,
while the catatonic subtype had the highest. The duration of
Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) was lowest in the undifferentiated
subtype and highest in the catatonic subtype.
Conclusion: This study reveals significant differences in sleep
patterns between patients with schizophrenia and the control
group, as well as among the various subtypes of schizophrenia.
These distinctions provide insight into the relationship between
schizophrenia subtypes, sleep irregularities, and clinical
consequences. Further investigation is necessary to explore
differences in sleep architecture among the various subtypes of
schizophrenia and yield clinically meaningful results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:32:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48e55c7a0b7c4296bfdf9aecc7471eb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:32:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-48e55c7a0b7c4296bfdf9aecc7471eb62023-12-09T10:34:31ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2023-12-011712010710.7860/JCDR/2023/67641.18763Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional StudySagarika Ray0Partha Sarathi Kundu1Amit Kumar Bhattacharya2Amit Kumar Pal3Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry-Centre of Excellence, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry-Centre of Excellence, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry-Centre of Excellence, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterised by positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, as well as negative symptoms including anhedonia, asociality, avolition, and affective blunting. It may also be associated with cognitive deficits. Sleep disturbances are commonly encountered in schizophrenia, and there may be variations in sleep patterns among its different subtypes. These differences in sleep patterns could have prognostic implications for the various subtypes of schizophrenia. Effective management of sleep disturbances could contribute to the recovery and wellbeing of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Aim: To compare the differences in sleep architecture between the various subtypes of schizophrenia and to compare them with socio-demographically matched healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Psychiatry-Centre of Excellence, Kolkata, West Bengal, India over a duration of one year (May 2016 to June 2017). The study included 60 medication-naïve patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria, and a control group of 30 demographically matched healthy volunteers. All study participants were aged between 18 and 60 years and free from any co-morbid illnesses. Patients with schizophrenia were further classified into four groups based on the ICD-10 subtypes: paranoid, hebephrenic, catatonic, and undifferentiated. Overnight polysomnography was performed to assess sleep parameters, including total record time, total sleep time, sleep onset latency, Rapid Eye Movement (REM), sleep latency, sleep efficiency, durations of Total Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep, Total REM sleep, and the different phases of NREM sleep. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-square, and t-test were used as applicable, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed a decrease in sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and shorter duration of mean N1, N2, and N3 sleep in schizophrenia patients compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in N3 sleep duration, reduced duration of total NREM and REM sleep, reduced REM latency, increased sleep onset latency, and the number of awakenings during sleep in schizophrenia patients. Statistically significant differences (p-values <0.05) were also noted in some sleep parameters among the various subtypes of schizophrenia. The paranoid subtype had the shortest REM latency, while the catatonic subtype had the longest. The hebephrenic subtype had the lowest percentage of REM sleep and sleep efficiency, while the catatonic subtype had the highest. The duration of Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) was lowest in the undifferentiated subtype and highest in the catatonic subtype. Conclusion: This study reveals significant differences in sleep patterns between patients with schizophrenia and the control group, as well as among the various subtypes of schizophrenia. These distinctions provide insight into the relationship between schizophrenia subtypes, sleep irregularities, and clinical consequences. Further investigation is necessary to explore differences in sleep architecture among the various subtypes of schizophrenia and yield clinically meaningful results.https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18763/67641_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(SHK_RDW_SHU)_PF1(AG_OM)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdfcatatonichebephrenicparanoidpolysomnography |
| spellingShingle | Sagarika Ray Partha Sarathi Kundu Amit Kumar Bhattacharya Amit Kumar Pal Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research catatonic hebephrenic paranoid polysomnography |
| title | Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full | Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_short | Variations in Sleep Architecture among Different Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_sort | variations in sleep architecture among different subtypes of schizophrenia a cross sectional study |
| topic | catatonic hebephrenic paranoid polysomnography |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18763/67641_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(SHK_RDW_SHU)_PF1(AG_OM)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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