Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model
Background: Trimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxin affecting various regions of the central nervous system, including the neocortex, the cerebellum, and the hippocampus. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a membrane phospholipid, which is vital to brain cells. We analyzed the neuroprotective effects of s...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4901 |
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| author | Minsook Ye Bong Hee Han Jin Su Kim Kyungsoo Kim Insop Shim |
| author_facet | Minsook Ye Bong Hee Han Jin Su Kim Kyungsoo Kim Insop Shim |
| author_sort | Minsook Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Trimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxin affecting various regions of the central nervous system, including the neocortex, the cerebellum, and the hippocampus. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a membrane phospholipid, which is vital to brain cells. We analyzed the neuroprotective effects of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine (Bean-PS) on cognitive function, changes in the central cholinergic systems, and neural activity in TMT-induced memory deficits in a rat model. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into an untreated normal group, a TMT group (injected with TMT + vehicle), and a group injected with TMT + Bean-PS. The rats were treated with 10% hexane (TMT group) or TMT + Bean-PS (50 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, oral administration (p.o.)) daily for 21 days, following a single injection of TMT (8.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). The cognitive function of Bean-PS was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test and a passive avoidance task (PAT). The expression of acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus was assessed via immunohistochemistry. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan was used to measure the glucose uptake in the rat brain. Results: Treatment with Bean-PS enhanced memory function in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Consistent with the behavioral results, treatment with Bean-PS diminished the damage to cholinergic cells in the hippocampus, in contrast to those of the TMT group. The TMT+Bean-PS group showed elevated glucose uptake in the frontal lobe of the rat brain. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Bean-PS protects against TMT-induced learning and memory impairment. As such, Bean-PS represents a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:32:29Z |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-48f8b7dd452e4cc0ac072f83c0f2ae162023-11-20T06:30:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-07-012114490110.3390/ijms21144901Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat ModelMinsook Ye0Bong Hee Han1Jin Su Kim2Kyungsoo Kim3Insop Shim4Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02435, KoreaDivision of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, KoreaDepartment of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02435, KoreaBackground: Trimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxin affecting various regions of the central nervous system, including the neocortex, the cerebellum, and the hippocampus. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a membrane phospholipid, which is vital to brain cells. We analyzed the neuroprotective effects of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine (Bean-PS) on cognitive function, changes in the central cholinergic systems, and neural activity in TMT-induced memory deficits in a rat model. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into an untreated normal group, a TMT group (injected with TMT + vehicle), and a group injected with TMT + Bean-PS. The rats were treated with 10% hexane (TMT group) or TMT + Bean-PS (50 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, oral administration (p.o.)) daily for 21 days, following a single injection of TMT (8.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). The cognitive function of Bean-PS was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test and a passive avoidance task (PAT). The expression of acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus was assessed via immunohistochemistry. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan was used to measure the glucose uptake in the rat brain. Results: Treatment with Bean-PS enhanced memory function in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Consistent with the behavioral results, treatment with Bean-PS diminished the damage to cholinergic cells in the hippocampus, in contrast to those of the TMT group. The TMT+Bean-PS group showed elevated glucose uptake in the frontal lobe of the rat brain. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Bean-PS protects against TMT-induced learning and memory impairment. As such, Bean-PS represents a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4901neuroprotectionneurodegenerative disordercholine acetyltransferase (ChAT)trimethyltin (TMT)bean phosphatidylserine (Bean-PS) |
| spellingShingle | Minsook Ye Bong Hee Han Jin Su Kim Kyungsoo Kim Insop Shim Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model International Journal of Molecular Sciences neuroprotection neurodegenerative disorder choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) trimethyltin (TMT) bean phosphatidylserine (Bean-PS) |
| title | Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Neuroprotective Effect of Bean Phosphatidylserine on TMT-Induced Memory Deficits in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | neuroprotective effect of bean phosphatidylserine on tmt induced memory deficits in a rat model |
| topic | neuroprotection neurodegenerative disorder choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) trimethyltin (TMT) bean phosphatidylserine (Bean-PS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4901 |
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