Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network
The severe consequences of the present Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic seem to be closely related to an already ongoing (‘first’) pandemic, directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems evident that the prognosis after infection is substantially worse for individuals suffering...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/9/1196 |
| _version_ | 1797519043434905600 |
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| author | Victor Kallen Rogier Scherder Maarten J. Cramer Jacqueline Stam Bruce Johnson Erik Scherder |
| author_facet | Victor Kallen Rogier Scherder Maarten J. Cramer Jacqueline Stam Bruce Johnson Erik Scherder |
| author_sort | Victor Kallen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The severe consequences of the present Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic seem to be closely related to an already ongoing (‘first’) pandemic, directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems evident that the prognosis after infection is substantially worse for individuals suffering from, for example, (visceral) obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes type 2. Consequently, it may be considered highly relevant to gain insight into the potential beneficial effects of exercise interventions to strengthen the immune system, particularly in high-risk populations. For this reason, the exercise protocols that are suggested to strengthen the immune system, which can be executed by all ages and almost all physical conditions, were reviewed and evaluated. Previously published protocols range from interrupting prolonged sitting, to regular low-to-moderate exercise activities, to high intensity, typically interval, sports formats. Reported positive effects on immune functioning appear to be induced either directly or via beneficial metabolic and/or psychological effects and become measurable after 3 weeks to 3 months. Based in these findings, it appeared possible to design an optimal exercise protocol to maximize effects on immune functioning that should be executable for all, even under restricted (‘lockdown’) circumstances. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:37:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48fa2ebe098a4804bfbf88fe1f7b3c57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:37:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-48fa2ebe098a4804bfbf88fe1f7b3c572023-11-22T13:18:24ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322021-09-0199119610.3390/healthcare9091196Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune NetworkVictor Kallen0Rogier Scherder1Maarten J. Cramer2Jacqueline Stam3Bruce Johnson4Erik Scherder5The Netherlands Organization for Applied Sciences (TNO), P.O. Box 23, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, The NetherlandsDepartment of Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The NetherlandsThe Netherlands Organization for Applied Sciences (TNO), P.O. Box 23, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, The NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USADepartment of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsThe severe consequences of the present Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic seem to be closely related to an already ongoing (‘first’) pandemic, directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems evident that the prognosis after infection is substantially worse for individuals suffering from, for example, (visceral) obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes type 2. Consequently, it may be considered highly relevant to gain insight into the potential beneficial effects of exercise interventions to strengthen the immune system, particularly in high-risk populations. For this reason, the exercise protocols that are suggested to strengthen the immune system, which can be executed by all ages and almost all physical conditions, were reviewed and evaluated. Previously published protocols range from interrupting prolonged sitting, to regular low-to-moderate exercise activities, to high intensity, typically interval, sports formats. Reported positive effects on immune functioning appear to be induced either directly or via beneficial metabolic and/or psychological effects and become measurable after 3 weeks to 3 months. Based in these findings, it appeared possible to design an optimal exercise protocol to maximize effects on immune functioning that should be executable for all, even under restricted (‘lockdown’) circumstances.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/9/1196COVID-19exercisestressimmune functioninginflammationsedentary |
| spellingShingle | Victor Kallen Rogier Scherder Maarten J. Cramer Jacqueline Stam Bruce Johnson Erik Scherder Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network Healthcare COVID-19 exercise stress immune functioning inflammation sedentary |
| title | Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network |
| title_full | Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network |
| title_fullStr | Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network |
| title_short | Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network |
| title_sort | neutralizing a springboard for inflammation physical activity to control the immune network |
| topic | COVID-19 exercise stress immune functioning inflammation sedentary |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/9/1196 |
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