Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O
The electrolytic reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> in LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C was investigated under a series of cathodic reduction potentials and applied charges to provide a mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical characteristics of the system. The optim...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Electrochem |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3293/2/2/16 |
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| author | Meng Shi Bin Liu Shelly Li Haiyan Zhao |
| author_facet | Meng Shi Bin Liu Shelly Li Haiyan Zhao |
| author_sort | Meng Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The electrolytic reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> in LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C was investigated under a series of cathodic reduction potentials and applied charges to provide a mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical characteristics of the system. The optimal cathodic reduction potential was determined as being −0.3 V vs. Li/Li<sup>+</sup>. Li<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> and LiTiO<sub>2</sub> were structurally identified as intermediate and partial reduction products of the TiO<sub>2</sub> electrolytic reduction. The reduction of LiTiO<sub>2</sub> was extremely slow and reversible due to its high stability and the detrimental effect of Li<sub>2</sub>O accumulation within the solid particles. The most reduced product obtained in this study was LiTiO<sub>2</sub>, which was achieved when using 150% of the theoretical charge under the optimal reduction potential. The highest reduction extent obtained in this study was 25%. Based on theoretical DFT modeling, a detailed multistep reduction mechanism and scheme were proposed for TiO<sub>2</sub> electrolytic reduction in LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:55:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48fab99123b84c9c9be41d5e19c176a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3293 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:55:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Electrochem |
| spelling | doaj.art-48fab99123b84c9c9be41d5e19c176a72023-11-21T17:20:17ZengMDPI AGElectrochem2673-32932021-04-012222423510.3390/electrochem2020016Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>OMeng Shi0Bin Liu1Shelly Li2Haiyan Zhao3Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho (Idaho Falls), 995 MK Simpson Blvd., Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAIdaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USADepartment of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho (Idaho Falls), 995 MK Simpson Blvd., Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USAThe electrolytic reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> in LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C was investigated under a series of cathodic reduction potentials and applied charges to provide a mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical characteristics of the system. The optimal cathodic reduction potential was determined as being −0.3 V vs. Li/Li<sup>+</sup>. Li<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> and LiTiO<sub>2</sub> were structurally identified as intermediate and partial reduction products of the TiO<sub>2</sub> electrolytic reduction. The reduction of LiTiO<sub>2</sub> was extremely slow and reversible due to its high stability and the detrimental effect of Li<sub>2</sub>O accumulation within the solid particles. The most reduced product obtained in this study was LiTiO<sub>2</sub>, which was achieved when using 150% of the theoretical charge under the optimal reduction potential. The highest reduction extent obtained in this study was 25%. Based on theoretical DFT modeling, a detailed multistep reduction mechanism and scheme were proposed for TiO<sub>2</sub> electrolytic reduction in LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3293/2/2/16cathodic reductiontitanium dioxidelithiothermic reductionreduction mechanismlithium titanate |
| spellingShingle | Meng Shi Bin Liu Shelly Li Haiyan Zhao Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O Electrochem cathodic reduction titanium dioxide lithiothermic reduction reduction mechanism lithium titanate |
| title | Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_full | Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_fullStr | Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_short | Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_sort | electrolytic reduction of titanium dioxide in molten licl li sub 2 sub o |
| topic | cathodic reduction titanium dioxide lithiothermic reduction reduction mechanism lithium titanate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3293/2/2/16 |
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