High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique
African swine fever (ASF) is a transboundary infectious disease that can infect wild and domestic swine and requires enhanced surveillance between countries. In Mozambique, ASF has been reported across the country, spreading between provinces, mainly through the movement of pigs and their by-product...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/1010 |
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| author | Azido Ribeiro Mataca Francisco Alyson Silva Oliveira Ângelo André Lampeão José Pereira Mendonça Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira Rinaldo Aparecido Mota Wagnner José Nascimento Porto David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz Abelardo Silva-Júnior |
| author_facet | Azido Ribeiro Mataca Francisco Alyson Silva Oliveira Ângelo André Lampeão José Pereira Mendonça Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira Rinaldo Aparecido Mota Wagnner José Nascimento Porto David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz Abelardo Silva-Júnior |
| author_sort | Azido Ribeiro Mataca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African swine fever (ASF) is a transboundary infectious disease that can infect wild and domestic swine and requires enhanced surveillance between countries. In Mozambique, ASF has been reported across the country, spreading between provinces, mainly through the movement of pigs and their by-products. Subsequently, pigs from bordering countries were at risk of exposure. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and temporal trends of ASF in swine in Mozambique between 2000 and 2020. During this period, 28,624 cases of ASF were reported across three regions of the country. In total, the northern, central, and southern regions presented 64.9, 17.8, and 17.3% of the total cases, respectively. When analyzing the incidence risk (IR) of ASF per 100,000 pigs, the Cabo Delgado province had the highest IR (17,301.1), followed by the Maputo province (8868.6). In the space-time analysis, three clusters were formed in each region: (i) Cluster A involved the provinces of Cabo Delgado and Nampula (north), (ii) Cluster B involved the province of Maputo and the city of Maputo (south), and (iii) Cluster C consisted of the provinces of Manica and Sofala (central) in 2006. However, when analyzing the temporal trend in the provinces, most were found to be decreasing, except for Sofala, Inhambane, and Maputo, which had a stationary trend. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the spatial distribution of ASF in Mozambique. These findings will contribute to increasing official ASF control programs by identifying high-risk areas and raising awareness of the importance of controlling the borders between provinces and countries to prevent their spread to other regions of the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49096a195c56469088f69c0883ef42f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-49096a195c56469088f69c0883ef42f72023-11-17T21:46:55ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-04-01154101010.3390/v15041010High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in MozambiqueAzido Ribeiro Mataca0Francisco Alyson Silva Oliveira1Ângelo André Lampeão2José Pereira Mendonça3Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira4Rinaldo Aparecido Mota5Wagnner José Nascimento Porto6David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz7Abelardo Silva-Júnior8Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilHospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, BrazilEscola Superior de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 257, MozambiqueInstituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM), Maputo 2698, MozambiqueDepartamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, BrazilCentro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88.520-000, BrazilCentro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88.520-000, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, BrazilAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a transboundary infectious disease that can infect wild and domestic swine and requires enhanced surveillance between countries. In Mozambique, ASF has been reported across the country, spreading between provinces, mainly through the movement of pigs and their by-products. Subsequently, pigs from bordering countries were at risk of exposure. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and temporal trends of ASF in swine in Mozambique between 2000 and 2020. During this period, 28,624 cases of ASF were reported across three regions of the country. In total, the northern, central, and southern regions presented 64.9, 17.8, and 17.3% of the total cases, respectively. When analyzing the incidence risk (IR) of ASF per 100,000 pigs, the Cabo Delgado province had the highest IR (17,301.1), followed by the Maputo province (8868.6). In the space-time analysis, three clusters were formed in each region: (i) Cluster A involved the provinces of Cabo Delgado and Nampula (north), (ii) Cluster B involved the province of Maputo and the city of Maputo (south), and (iii) Cluster C consisted of the provinces of Manica and Sofala (central) in 2006. However, when analyzing the temporal trend in the provinces, most were found to be decreasing, except for Sofala, Inhambane, and Maputo, which had a stationary trend. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the spatial distribution of ASF in Mozambique. These findings will contribute to increasing official ASF control programs by identifying high-risk areas and raising awareness of the importance of controlling the borders between provinces and countries to prevent their spread to other regions of the world.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/1010geographic surveillanceanimal health defensetrendscluster |
| spellingShingle | Azido Ribeiro Mataca Francisco Alyson Silva Oliveira Ângelo André Lampeão José Pereira Mendonça Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira Rinaldo Aparecido Mota Wagnner José Nascimento Porto David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz Abelardo Silva-Júnior High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique Viruses geographic surveillance animal health defense trends cluster |
| title | High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique |
| title_full | High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique |
| title_fullStr | High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique |
| title_short | High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique |
| title_sort | high risk regions of african swine fever infection in mozambique |
| topic | geographic surveillance animal health defense trends cluster |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/1010 |
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