Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are ubiquitous cell wall components present throughout the plant kingdom. They are extensively post translationally modified by conversion of proline to hydroxyproline (Hyp) and by addition of arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides to Hyp residues. Two small gene subfam...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2016-05-01
|
| Series: | Communicative & Integrative Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2016.1177687 |
| _version_ | 1818578479715713024 |
|---|---|
| author | Allan M. Showalter Debarati Basu |
| author_facet | Allan M. Showalter Debarati Basu |
| author_sort | Allan M. Showalter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are ubiquitous cell wall components present throughout the plant kingdom. They are extensively post translationally modified by conversion of proline to hydroxyproline (Hyp) and by addition of arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides to Hyp residues. Two small gene subfamilies within the CAZy GT31 family, referred to as Hyp-galactosyltransferases (Hyp-GALTs and HPGTs), encode enzymes that specifically add galactose to AGP protein backbones as revealed by heterologous expression of the genes coupled with an in vitro enzyme assay and by biochemical characterization of the genetic knock-out mutants. Biochemical analysis of galt2galt5 double and hpgt1hpgt2hpgt3 triple knockout mutants revealed significant reductions in both AGP-specific Hyp-GALT activity and β-Gal-Yariv precipitable AGPs. Further analysis of these mutants demonstrated both overlapping and distinct pleiotropic growth and development phenotypes, indicating the important contributions of the carbohydrate moieties toward AGP function. Current research indicates that all 8 Hyp-GALT/HPGT genes encode enzymes that catalyze the initial step for AGP glycosylation and that AGP glycans play essential roles in plant growth and development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:46:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-491267d91312426dba2746dba115bf26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1942-0889 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communicative & Integrative Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-491267d91312426dba2746dba115bf262022-12-21T22:40:31ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCommunicative & Integrative Biology1942-08892016-05-019310.1080/19420889.2016.11776871177687Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in ArabidopsisAllan M. Showalter0Debarati Basu1Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio UniversityWashington UniversityArabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are ubiquitous cell wall components present throughout the plant kingdom. They are extensively post translationally modified by conversion of proline to hydroxyproline (Hyp) and by addition of arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides to Hyp residues. Two small gene subfamilies within the CAZy GT31 family, referred to as Hyp-galactosyltransferases (Hyp-GALTs and HPGTs), encode enzymes that specifically add galactose to AGP protein backbones as revealed by heterologous expression of the genes coupled with an in vitro enzyme assay and by biochemical characterization of the genetic knock-out mutants. Biochemical analysis of galt2galt5 double and hpgt1hpgt2hpgt3 triple knockout mutants revealed significant reductions in both AGP-specific Hyp-GALT activity and β-Gal-Yariv precipitable AGPs. Further analysis of these mutants demonstrated both overlapping and distinct pleiotropic growth and development phenotypes, indicating the important contributions of the carbohydrate moieties toward AGP function. Current research indicates that all 8 Hyp-GALT/HPGT genes encode enzymes that catalyze the initial step for AGP glycosylation and that AGP glycans play essential roles in plant growth and development.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2016.1177687Arabidopsis thalianaarabinogalactan-proteincell wallglycosylationplant developmentsignaling |
| spellingShingle | Allan M. Showalter Debarati Basu Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis Communicative & Integrative Biology Arabidopsis thaliana arabinogalactan-protein cell wall glycosylation plant development signaling |
| title | Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins essential for development in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins essential for development in arabidopsis |
| topic | Arabidopsis thaliana arabinogalactan-protein cell wall glycosylation plant development signaling |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2016.1177687 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT allanmshowalter glycosylationofarabinogalactanproteinsessentialfordevelopmentinarabidopsis AT debaratibasu glycosylationofarabinogalactanproteinsessentialfordevelopmentinarabidopsis |