Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures
Public speaking is a communication ability that is expressed in social contexts. Public speaking anxiety consists of the fear of giving a speech or a presentation and the perception of being badly judged by others. Such feelings can impair the performance and physiological activation of the presente...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Virtual Reality |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1347102/full |
| _version_ | 1797257608097169408 |
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| author | Matteo Girondini Matteo Girondini Matteo Girondini Ivana Frigione Ivana Frigione Mariapia Marra Mariapia Marra Milena Stefanova Milena Stefanova Margherita Pillan Angelo Maravita Angelo Maravita Alberto Gallace Alberto Gallace |
| author_facet | Matteo Girondini Matteo Girondini Matteo Girondini Ivana Frigione Ivana Frigione Mariapia Marra Mariapia Marra Milena Stefanova Milena Stefanova Margherita Pillan Angelo Maravita Angelo Maravita Alberto Gallace Alberto Gallace |
| author_sort | Matteo Girondini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Public speaking is a communication ability that is expressed in social contexts. Public speaking anxiety consists of the fear of giving a speech or a presentation and the perception of being badly judged by others. Such feelings can impair the performance and physiological activation of the presenter. In this study, eighty participants, most naive in Virtual Reality experience, underwent one of four virtual reality public speaking scenarios. Four different conditions were tested in a between-group design, where the audience could express positive or negative non-verbal behavior (in terms of body gesture and facial expression), together with positive or adverse questions raised during a question-and-answer session (Q&A). The primary outcomes concerned the virtual audience behavior’s effect on perceived anxiety and physiological arousal. In general, perceived anxiety seemed to be unaffected neither by the verbal nor non-verbal behavior of the audience. Nevertheless, experimental manipulation showed a higher susceptibility to public speaking anxiety in those participants who scored higher on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) than those with lower Social Interaction Anxiety Scale scores. Specifically, in the case where the verbal attitude was negative, high SIAS trait participants reported a higher level of anxiety. Participants’ physiological arousal was also affected by the proposed scenarios. Participants dealing with an approving audience and encouraging Q&A reported increased skin conductance response. The lack of correlation between reported anxiety and skin conductance response might suggest a physiological engagement in an interactive exchange with the virtual audience rather than a form of discomfort during the task. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:40:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-491f00d511ac4173844fcd5ba165b862 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4192 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:40:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Virtual Reality |
| spelling | doaj.art-491f00d511ac4173844fcd5ba165b8622024-03-19T04:52:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Virtual Reality2673-41922024-03-01510.3389/frvir.2024.13471021347102Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measuresMatteo Girondini0Matteo Girondini1Matteo Girondini2Ivana Frigione3Ivana Frigione4Mariapia Marra5Mariapia Marra6Milena Stefanova7Milena Stefanova8Margherita Pillan9Angelo Maravita10Angelo Maravita11Alberto Gallace12Alberto Gallace13Mind and Behavior Technological Center, Department of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyMySpace lab, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandMind and Behavior Technological Center, Department of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyMind and Behavior Technological Center, Department of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyMind and Behavior Technological Center, Department of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyMind and Behavior Technological Center, Department of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyMind and Behavior Technological Center, Department of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyPublic speaking is a communication ability that is expressed in social contexts. Public speaking anxiety consists of the fear of giving a speech or a presentation and the perception of being badly judged by others. Such feelings can impair the performance and physiological activation of the presenter. In this study, eighty participants, most naive in Virtual Reality experience, underwent one of four virtual reality public speaking scenarios. Four different conditions were tested in a between-group design, where the audience could express positive or negative non-verbal behavior (in terms of body gesture and facial expression), together with positive or adverse questions raised during a question-and-answer session (Q&A). The primary outcomes concerned the virtual audience behavior’s effect on perceived anxiety and physiological arousal. In general, perceived anxiety seemed to be unaffected neither by the verbal nor non-verbal behavior of the audience. Nevertheless, experimental manipulation showed a higher susceptibility to public speaking anxiety in those participants who scored higher on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) than those with lower Social Interaction Anxiety Scale scores. Specifically, in the case where the verbal attitude was negative, high SIAS trait participants reported a higher level of anxiety. Participants’ physiological arousal was also affected by the proposed scenarios. Participants dealing with an approving audience and encouraging Q&A reported increased skin conductance response. The lack of correlation between reported anxiety and skin conductance response might suggest a physiological engagement in an interactive exchange with the virtual audience rather than a form of discomfort during the task.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1347102/fullvirtual realitypublic speaking anxietyaudience behaviorverbal and non-verbal behaviorphysiological arousal |
| spellingShingle | Matteo Girondini Matteo Girondini Matteo Girondini Ivana Frigione Ivana Frigione Mariapia Marra Mariapia Marra Milena Stefanova Milena Stefanova Margherita Pillan Angelo Maravita Angelo Maravita Alberto Gallace Alberto Gallace Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures Frontiers in Virtual Reality virtual reality public speaking anxiety audience behavior verbal and non-verbal behavior physiological arousal |
| title | Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures |
| title_full | Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures |
| title_fullStr | Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures |
| title_short | Decoupling the role of verbal and non-verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures |
| title_sort | decoupling the role of verbal and non verbal audience behavior on public speaking anxiety in virtual reality using behavioral and psychological measures |
| topic | virtual reality public speaking anxiety audience behavior verbal and non-verbal behavior physiological arousal |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1347102/full |
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