<i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture?
In organic viticulture, copper-based fungicides are commonly used to suppress Downy Mildew infection, caused by the oomycete <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>. However, the frequent and intensive use of such fungicides leads to accumulation of the heavy metal in soil and nearby waters with adve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2765 |
| _version_ | 1797501300919762944 |
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| author | Christian Kraus Rada Abou-Ammar Andreas Schubert Michael Fischer |
| author_facet | Christian Kraus Rada Abou-Ammar Andreas Schubert Michael Fischer |
| author_sort | Christian Kraus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In organic viticulture, copper-based fungicides are commonly used to suppress Downy Mildew infection, caused by the oomycete <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>. However, the frequent and intensive use of such fungicides leads to accumulation of the heavy metal in soil and nearby waters with adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, alternative, organic fungicides against Downy Mildew are urgently needed to reduce the copper load in vineyards. In this study, the use of <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Sprague (Family Canellacea) leaf and bark extracts as potential fungicides against Downy Mildew were evaluated. In vitro (microtiter) and in vivo (leaf discs, seedlings) tests were conducted, as well as field trials to determine the efficacy of the extracts against Downy Mildew. The results revealed an MIC<sub>100</sub> of 500 µg/mL for the leaf extract and 5 µg/mL for the bark extract. Furthermore, experiments with leaf discs and seedlings demonstrated a strong protective effect of the extracts for up to 48 h under (semi-) controlled conditions. However, in field trials the efficacy of the extracts distinctly declined, regardless of the extracts’ origin and concentration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-492047ea016643dd915ec979a08aa5de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-492047ea016643dd915ec979a08aa5de2023-11-23T10:12:49ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011012276510.3390/plants10122765<i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture?Christian Kraus0Rada Abou-Ammar1Andreas Schubert2Michael Fischer3Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 76833 Siebeldingen, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, GermanyJulius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 76833 Siebeldingen, GermanyIn organic viticulture, copper-based fungicides are commonly used to suppress Downy Mildew infection, caused by the oomycete <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>. However, the frequent and intensive use of such fungicides leads to accumulation of the heavy metal in soil and nearby waters with adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, alternative, organic fungicides against Downy Mildew are urgently needed to reduce the copper load in vineyards. In this study, the use of <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Sprague (Family Canellacea) leaf and bark extracts as potential fungicides against Downy Mildew were evaluated. In vitro (microtiter) and in vivo (leaf discs, seedlings) tests were conducted, as well as field trials to determine the efficacy of the extracts against Downy Mildew. The results revealed an MIC<sub>100</sub> of 500 µg/mL for the leaf extract and 5 µg/mL for the bark extract. Furthermore, experiments with leaf discs and seedlings demonstrated a strong protective effect of the extracts for up to 48 h under (semi-) controlled conditions. However, in field trials the efficacy of the extracts distinctly declined, regardless of the extracts’ origin and concentration.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2765botanicalDowny Mildew<i>Plasmopara viticola</i>viticulture<i>Warburgia ugandensis</i>plant extract |
| spellingShingle | Christian Kraus Rada Abou-Ammar Andreas Schubert Michael Fischer <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture? Plants botanical Downy Mildew <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> viticulture <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> plant extract |
| title | <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture? |
| title_full | <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture? |
| title_fullStr | <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture? |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture? |
| title_short | <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture? |
| title_sort | i warburgia ugandensis i leaf and bark extracts an alternative to copper as fungicide against downy mildew in organic viticulture |
| topic | botanical Downy Mildew <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> viticulture <i>Warburgia ugandensis</i> plant extract |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2765 |
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