Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress
The past 60 years have seen large reductions in vehicle emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), and lead (Pb). Advanced emission after-treatment technologies have been d...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/5/650 |
| _version_ | 1797501699605135360 |
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| author | Timothy J. Wallington James E. Anderson Rachael H. Dolan Sandra L. Winkler |
| author_facet | Timothy J. Wallington James E. Anderson Rachael H. Dolan Sandra L. Winkler |
| author_sort | Timothy J. Wallington |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The past 60 years have seen large reductions in vehicle emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), and lead (Pb). Advanced emission after-treatment technologies have been developed for gasoline and diesel vehicles to meet increasingly stringent regulations, yielding absolute emission reductions from the on-road fleet despite increased vehicle miles traveled. As a result of reduced emissions from vehicles and other sources, the air quality in cities across the U.S. and Europe has improved greatly. Turn-over of the on-road fleet, increasingly stringent emission regulations (such as Tier 3 in the U.S., LEV III in California, Euro 6 in Europe, and upcoming rules in these same regions), and the large-scale introduction of electric vehicles will lead to even lower vehicle emissions and further improvements in air quality. We review historical vehicle emissions and air quality trends and discuss the future outlook. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:22:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49218dd38ea64871adfd45ef96fc8546 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:22:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-49218dd38ea64871adfd45ef96fc85462023-11-23T10:00:41ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-04-0113565010.3390/atmos13050650Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of ProgressTimothy J. Wallington0James E. Anderson1Rachael H. Dolan2Sandra L. Winkler3Research & Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48121, USAResearch & Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48121, USAResearch & Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48121, USAResearch & Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48121, USAThe past 60 years have seen large reductions in vehicle emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), and lead (Pb). Advanced emission after-treatment technologies have been developed for gasoline and diesel vehicles to meet increasingly stringent regulations, yielding absolute emission reductions from the on-road fleet despite increased vehicle miles traveled. As a result of reduced emissions from vehicles and other sources, the air quality in cities across the U.S. and Europe has improved greatly. Turn-over of the on-road fleet, increasingly stringent emission regulations (such as Tier 3 in the U.S., LEV III in California, Euro 6 in Europe, and upcoming rules in these same regions), and the large-scale introduction of electric vehicles will lead to even lower vehicle emissions and further improvements in air quality. We review historical vehicle emissions and air quality trends and discuss the future outlook.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/5/650vehicle emissionsparticulate matternitrogen oxidescarbon monoxidehydrocarbons |
| spellingShingle | Timothy J. Wallington James E. Anderson Rachael H. Dolan Sandra L. Winkler Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress Atmosphere vehicle emissions particulate matter nitrogen oxides carbon monoxide hydrocarbons |
| title | Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress |
| title_full | Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress |
| title_fullStr | Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress |
| title_short | Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality: 60 Years of Progress |
| title_sort | vehicle emissions and urban air quality 60 years of progress |
| topic | vehicle emissions particulate matter nitrogen oxides carbon monoxide hydrocarbons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/5/650 |
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