Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective
Accounting for almost one-third of the global mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health issue. Emerging data suggest that most of the well-established mechanistic explanations regarding the cardiovascular pathophysiology are flawed, and cannot fully explain the progre...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/12/1757 |
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| author | Josko Bozic Marko Kumric Tina Ticinovic Kurir Hrvoje Urlic Dinko Martinovic Marino Vilovic Nada Tomasovic Mrcela Josip A. Borovac |
| author_facet | Josko Bozic Marko Kumric Tina Ticinovic Kurir Hrvoje Urlic Dinko Martinovic Marino Vilovic Nada Tomasovic Mrcela Josip A. Borovac |
| author_sort | Josko Bozic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accounting for almost one-third of the global mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health issue. Emerging data suggest that most of the well-established mechanistic explanations regarding the cardiovascular pathophysiology are flawed, and cannot fully explain the progression and long-term effects of these diseases. On the other hand, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of CVDs. Even though upregulated SNS activity is an essential compensatory response to various stress conditions, in the long term, it becomes a major contributor to both cardiac dysfunction and vascular damage. Despite the fact that the importance of SNS hyperactivity in the setting of CVDs has been well-appreciated, its exact quantification and clinical application in either diagnostics or therapy of CVDs is still out of reach. Nevertheless, in recent years a number of novel laboratory biomarkers implicated in the pathophysiology of SNS activation have been explored. Specifically, in this review, we aimed to discuss the role of catestatin, a potent physiological inhibitor of catecholamine spillover that offers cardioprotective effects. Limited data indicate that catestatin could also be a reliable indirect marker of SNS activity and it is likely that high CST levels reflect advanced CV disease burden. Consequently, large-scale studies are required to validate these observations in the upcoming future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:33:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4928be7cf8724038b37a4b6d20580b6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:33:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4928be7cf8724038b37a4b6d20580b6e2023-11-23T03:55:09ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-11-01912175710.3390/biomedicines9121757Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical PerspectiveJosko Bozic0Marko Kumric1Tina Ticinovic Kurir2Hrvoje Urlic3Dinko Martinovic4Marino Vilovic5Nada Tomasovic Mrcela6Josip A. Borovac7Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinic Magdalena, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaAndrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Referral Center for Health Care of the Elderly of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Department of Public Health Gerontology, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaAccounting for almost one-third of the global mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health issue. Emerging data suggest that most of the well-established mechanistic explanations regarding the cardiovascular pathophysiology are flawed, and cannot fully explain the progression and long-term effects of these diseases. On the other hand, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of CVDs. Even though upregulated SNS activity is an essential compensatory response to various stress conditions, in the long term, it becomes a major contributor to both cardiac dysfunction and vascular damage. Despite the fact that the importance of SNS hyperactivity in the setting of CVDs has been well-appreciated, its exact quantification and clinical application in either diagnostics or therapy of CVDs is still out of reach. Nevertheless, in recent years a number of novel laboratory biomarkers implicated in the pathophysiology of SNS activation have been explored. Specifically, in this review, we aimed to discuss the role of catestatin, a potent physiological inhibitor of catecholamine spillover that offers cardioprotective effects. Limited data indicate that catestatin could also be a reliable indirect marker of SNS activity and it is likely that high CST levels reflect advanced CV disease burden. Consequently, large-scale studies are required to validate these observations in the upcoming future.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/12/1757catestatinchromogranin Abiomarkercardiovascular diseaseheart failuresympathetic nervous system |
| spellingShingle | Josko Bozic Marko Kumric Tina Ticinovic Kurir Hrvoje Urlic Dinko Martinovic Marino Vilovic Nada Tomasovic Mrcela Josip A. Borovac Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective Biomedicines catestatin chromogranin A biomarker cardiovascular disease heart failure sympathetic nervous system |
| title | Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_full | Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_short | Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective |
| title_sort | catestatin as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases a clinical perspective |
| topic | catestatin chromogranin A biomarker cardiovascular disease heart failure sympathetic nervous system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/12/1757 |
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