Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications
Using stereolithography (vat photopolymerisation) to polymerise High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs) is a potent additive manufacturing route to produce materials with a hierarchical porosity. These multiscale porous materials have a microporosity (1–50 μm) dictated by emulsion templating and a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127518305288 |
| _version_ | 1818063942021283840 |
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| author | Colin Sherborne Robert Owen Gwendolen C. Reilly Frederik Claeyssens |
| author_facet | Colin Sherborne Robert Owen Gwendolen C. Reilly Frederik Claeyssens |
| author_sort | Colin Sherborne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using stereolithography (vat photopolymerisation) to polymerise High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs) is a potent additive manufacturing route to produce materials with a hierarchical porosity. These multiscale porous materials have a microporosity (1–50 μm) dictated by emulsion templating and a macroporosity (100 μm upwards) controlled by additive manufacturing. The interconnected, hierarchical porosity of these structures is particularly desirable in the field of bone tissue engineering as it promotes tissue formation and allows efficient mass transport. However, due to the high light-scattering nature of the HIPEs, the achievable feature resolution is poor in comparison to other photocurable polymers, and they are prone to the formation of a closed porosity ‘skin layer’ at the surface. This study focuses on different methods of both improving the resolution of structures fabricated from HIPEs via stereolithography and minimising skin formation. The inclusion of 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol (commercially UV-234 or Tinuvin®234), a UV light-absorber, was found to significantly improve the achievable resolution of PolyHIPE structures fabricated via stereolithography with no cytotoxic effects and reduce the skin formation. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a non-microporous scaffold of the same architecture, the inclusion of a microporosity significantly promoted the proliferation of MLO-A5 murine osteoblasts and permitted superior bone-matrix deposition. Keywords: Bone tissue engineering, PolyHIPE, Emulsion templating, Vat photopolymerisation, Stereolithography, 3D cell culture, Tinuvin |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T14:28:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-493986c7a8114644b8cee807efe9ae3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T14:28:07Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-493986c7a8114644b8cee807efe9ae3f2022-12-22T01:45:00ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752018-10-01156494503Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applicationsColin Sherborne0Robert Owen1Gwendolen C. Reilly2Frederik Claeyssens3The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United KingdomDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in silico medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building (C+04), Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United KingdomDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in silico medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building (C+04), Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United KingdomThe Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom; Corresponding author at: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.Using stereolithography (vat photopolymerisation) to polymerise High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs) is a potent additive manufacturing route to produce materials with a hierarchical porosity. These multiscale porous materials have a microporosity (1–50 μm) dictated by emulsion templating and a macroporosity (100 μm upwards) controlled by additive manufacturing. The interconnected, hierarchical porosity of these structures is particularly desirable in the field of bone tissue engineering as it promotes tissue formation and allows efficient mass transport. However, due to the high light-scattering nature of the HIPEs, the achievable feature resolution is poor in comparison to other photocurable polymers, and they are prone to the formation of a closed porosity ‘skin layer’ at the surface. This study focuses on different methods of both improving the resolution of structures fabricated from HIPEs via stereolithography and minimising skin formation. The inclusion of 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol (commercially UV-234 or Tinuvin®234), a UV light-absorber, was found to significantly improve the achievable resolution of PolyHIPE structures fabricated via stereolithography with no cytotoxic effects and reduce the skin formation. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a non-microporous scaffold of the same architecture, the inclusion of a microporosity significantly promoted the proliferation of MLO-A5 murine osteoblasts and permitted superior bone-matrix deposition. Keywords: Bone tissue engineering, PolyHIPE, Emulsion templating, Vat photopolymerisation, Stereolithography, 3D cell culture, Tinuvinhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127518305288 |
| spellingShingle | Colin Sherborne Robert Owen Gwendolen C. Reilly Frederik Claeyssens Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications Materials & Design |
| title | Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications |
| title_full | Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications |
| title_fullStr | Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications |
| title_short | Light-based additive manufacturing of PolyHIPEs: Controlling the surface porosity for 3D cell culture applications |
| title_sort | light based additive manufacturing of polyhipes controlling the surface porosity for 3d cell culture applications |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127518305288 |
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