An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Currently, there is no analyzed data t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034121002185 |
| _version_ | 1818407076569808896 |
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| author | Maryam Meskini Mina Rezghi Rami Parang Maroofi Soumya Ghosh Seyed Davar Siadat Mojgan Sheikhpour |
| author_facet | Maryam Meskini Mina Rezghi Rami Parang Maroofi Soumya Ghosh Seyed Davar Siadat Mojgan Sheikhpour |
| author_sort | Maryam Meskini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Currently, there is no analyzed data to examine the outbreak of COVID-19 by continent and no determination of prevalence trends; this article reviews COVID-19 epidemiology and immunology. Original research, reviews, governmental databases, and treatment guidelines are analyzed to present the epidemiology and immunology of COVID-19. Reports from patients who were COVID-19 infected showed typical symptoms of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and increased systemic inflammatory proteins of IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP). These observations agree with the results of severe conditions of MERS or lethal cases of SARS, in which there is an increased presence of neutrophils and macrophages in the airways. Additionally, analyzed data showed that Europe (49.37%), the Americas (27.4%), and Eastern Mediterranean (10.07%) had the most cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases, and Africa (6.9%), Western Pacific (3.46%), and South-East Asia (2.72%) had the lowest cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases. In general, the trend lines showed that the number of confirmed cases (cumulative total) and deaths (cumulative total) would decrease eventually. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:22:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4940897a3ffc436badb6deba8f06e9e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1876-0341 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:22:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-4940897a3ffc436badb6deba8f06e9e72022-12-21T23:08:17ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412021-10-01141012841298An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19Maryam Meskini0Mina Rezghi Rami1Parang Maroofi2Soumya Ghosh3Seyed Davar Siadat4Mojgan Sheikhpour5Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, IranDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South AfricaMicrobiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Currently, there is no analyzed data to examine the outbreak of COVID-19 by continent and no determination of prevalence trends; this article reviews COVID-19 epidemiology and immunology. Original research, reviews, governmental databases, and treatment guidelines are analyzed to present the epidemiology and immunology of COVID-19. Reports from patients who were COVID-19 infected showed typical symptoms of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and increased systemic inflammatory proteins of IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP). These observations agree with the results of severe conditions of MERS or lethal cases of SARS, in which there is an increased presence of neutrophils and macrophages in the airways. Additionally, analyzed data showed that Europe (49.37%), the Americas (27.4%), and Eastern Mediterranean (10.07%) had the most cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases, and Africa (6.9%), Western Pacific (3.46%), and South-East Asia (2.72%) had the lowest cumulative total per 100,000 population confirmed cases. In general, the trend lines showed that the number of confirmed cases (cumulative total) and deaths (cumulative total) would decrease eventually.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034121002185CoronavirusesCOVID-19EpidemiologyImmunology |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Meskini Mina Rezghi Rami Parang Maroofi Soumya Ghosh Seyed Davar Siadat Mojgan Sheikhpour An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19 Journal of Infection and Public Health Coronaviruses COVID-19 Epidemiology Immunology |
| title | An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19 |
| title_full | An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19 |
| title_short | An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19 |
| title_sort | overview on the epidemiology and immunology of covid 19 |
| topic | Coronaviruses COVID-19 Epidemiology Immunology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034121002185 |
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