Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy
In a response to gravitropic stress, G-layers (gelatinous layers) were deposited in xylem cell walls of tilted flax plants. G-layers were produced in both tension wood (upper side) as expected but were also observed in opposite wood (lower side). Raman spectral profiles were acquired for xylem G-lay...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/3/435 |
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| author | Anne-Sophie Blervacq Myriam Moreau Anne Duputié Simon Hawkins |
| author_facet | Anne-Sophie Blervacq Myriam Moreau Anne Duputié Simon Hawkins |
| author_sort | Anne-Sophie Blervacq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In a response to gravitropic stress, G-layers (gelatinous layers) were deposited in xylem cell walls of tilted flax plants. G-layers were produced in both tension wood (upper side) as expected but were also observed in opposite wood (lower side). Raman spectral profiles were acquired for xylem G-layers from the tension and opposite side as well as from the G-layer of bast fibers grown under non-tilted conditions. Statistical analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) clearly distinguished bast fiber G-layers from xylem G-layers. Discriminating bands were observed for cellulose (380–1150–1376 cm<sup>–1</sup>), hemicelluloses (517–1094–1126–1452 cm<sup>–1</sup>) and aromatics (1270–1599–1658 cm<sup>–1</sup>). PCA did not allow separation of G-layers from tension/opposite-wood sides. In contrast, the two types of xylem G-layers could be incompletely discriminated through PLS-DA. Overall, the results suggested that while the architecture (polymer spatial distribution) of bast fibers G-layers and xylem G-layers are similar, they should be considered as belonging to a different cell wall layer category based upon ontogenetical and chemical composition parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:52:26Z |
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| id | doaj.art-49497d0c801c45c3aa831d78e5c2df4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:52:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-49497d0c801c45c3aa831d78e5c2df4c2023-11-17T09:51:15ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2023-02-0113343510.3390/biom13030435Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman SpectroscopyAnne-Sophie Blervacq0Myriam Moreau1Anne Duputié2Simon Hawkins3Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniversité de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIRE-Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniversité de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8198-EEP-Evo-Eco-Paléo, Bâtiment SN2, F-59000 Lille, FranceUniversité de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, FranceIn a response to gravitropic stress, G-layers (gelatinous layers) were deposited in xylem cell walls of tilted flax plants. G-layers were produced in both tension wood (upper side) as expected but were also observed in opposite wood (lower side). Raman spectral profiles were acquired for xylem G-layers from the tension and opposite side as well as from the G-layer of bast fibers grown under non-tilted conditions. Statistical analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) clearly distinguished bast fiber G-layers from xylem G-layers. Discriminating bands were observed for cellulose (380–1150–1376 cm<sup>–1</sup>), hemicelluloses (517–1094–1126–1452 cm<sup>–1</sup>) and aromatics (1270–1599–1658 cm<sup>–1</sup>). PCA did not allow separation of G-layers from tension/opposite-wood sides. In contrast, the two types of xylem G-layers could be incompletely discriminated through PLS-DA. Overall, the results suggested that while the architecture (polymer spatial distribution) of bast fibers G-layers and xylem G-layers are similar, they should be considered as belonging to a different cell wall layer category based upon ontogenetical and chemical composition parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/3/435bast fibersRaman chemical imagingflaxG-layergravitropic stressconfocal Raman spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Anne-Sophie Blervacq Myriam Moreau Anne Duputié Simon Hawkins Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy Biomolecules bast fibers Raman chemical imaging flax G-layer gravitropic stress confocal Raman spectroscopy |
| title | Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of g layers in bast fiber and xylem cell walls in flax using raman spectroscopy |
| topic | bast fibers Raman chemical imaging flax G-layer gravitropic stress confocal Raman spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/3/435 |
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