New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells represents the main barrier to a cure. “Shock and kill” is a promising strategy involving...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1560 |
| _version_ | 1797521781771206656 |
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| author | Katherine M. Bricker Ann Chahroudi Maud Mavigner |
| author_facet | Katherine M. Bricker Ann Chahroudi Maud Mavigner |
| author_sort | Katherine M. Bricker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells represents the main barrier to a cure. “Shock and kill” is a promising strategy involving latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate HIV-1 from latently infected cells, thus exposing the infected cells to killing by the immune system or clearance agents. Here, we review advances to the “shock and kill” strategy made through the nonhuman primate (NHP) model, highlighting recently identified latency reversing agents and approaches such as mimetics of the second mitochondrial activator of caspase (SMACm), experimental CD8+ T cell depletion, immune checkpoint blockade (ICI), and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We also discuss the advantages and limits of the NHP model for HIV cure research and methods developed to evaluate the efficacy of in vivo treatment with LRAs in NHPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-494e3679960d4249b2831abb7e8c3cf0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-494e3679960d4249b2831abb7e8c3cf02023-11-22T10:11:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-08-01138156010.3390/v13081560New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate ModelsKatherine M. Bricker0Ann Chahroudi1Maud Mavigner2Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAAntiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells represents the main barrier to a cure. “Shock and kill” is a promising strategy involving latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate HIV-1 from latently infected cells, thus exposing the infected cells to killing by the immune system or clearance agents. Here, we review advances to the “shock and kill” strategy made through the nonhuman primate (NHP) model, highlighting recently identified latency reversing agents and approaches such as mimetics of the second mitochondrial activator of caspase (SMACm), experimental CD8+ T cell depletion, immune checkpoint blockade (ICI), and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We also discuss the advantages and limits of the NHP model for HIV cure research and methods developed to evaluate the efficacy of in vivo treatment with LRAs in NHPs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1560HIV-1 cureshock and killlatency reversing agentsnonhuman primates |
| spellingShingle | Katherine M. Bricker Ann Chahroudi Maud Mavigner New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models Viruses HIV-1 cure shock and kill latency reversing agents nonhuman primates |
| title | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
| title_full | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
| title_fullStr | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
| title_short | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
| title_sort | new latency reversing agents for hiv 1 cure insights from nonhuman primate models |
| topic | HIV-1 cure shock and kill latency reversing agents nonhuman primates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1560 |
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