Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies
Kinetic multi-segment foot models have been proposed to evaluate the forces and moments generated in the foot during walking based on inverse dynamics calculations. However, these models did not consider the plantar aponeurosis (PA) despite its potential importance in generation of the ground reacti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.894731/full |
| _version_ | 1818216163516088320 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuka Matsumoto Naomichi Ogihara Hiroki Hanawa Takanori Kokubun Naohiko Kanemura |
| author_facet | Yuka Matsumoto Naomichi Ogihara Hiroki Hanawa Takanori Kokubun Naohiko Kanemura |
| author_sort | Yuka Matsumoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kinetic multi-segment foot models have been proposed to evaluate the forces and moments generated in the foot during walking based on inverse dynamics calculations. However, these models did not consider the plantar aponeurosis (PA) despite its potential importance in generation of the ground reaction forces and storage and release of mechanical energy. This study aimed to develop a novel multi-segment foot model incorporating the PA to better elucidate foot kinetics. The foot model comprised three segments: the phalanx, forefoot, and hindfoot. The PA was modeled using five linear springs connecting the origins and the insertions via intermediate points. To demonstrate the efficacy of the foot model, an inverse dynamic analysis of human gait was performed and how the inclusion of the PA model altered the estimated joint moments was examined. Ten healthy men walked along a walkway with two force plates placed in series close together. The attempts in which the participant placed his fore- and hindfoot on the front and rear force plates, respectively, were selected for inverse dynamic analysis. The stiffness and the natural length of each PA spring remain largely uncertain. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate how the estimated joint moments were altered by the changes in the two parameters within a range reported by previous studies. The present model incorporating the PA predicted that 13%–45% of plantarflexion in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and 8%–29% of plantarflexion in the midtarsal joints were generated by the PA at the time of push-off during walking. The midtarsal joint generated positive work, whereas the MTP joint generated negative work in the late stance phase. The positive and negative work done by the two joints decreased, indicating that the PA contributed towards transfer of the energy absorbed at the MTP joint to generate positive work at the midtarsal joint during walking. Although validation is limited due to the difficulty associated with direct measurement of the PA force in vivo, the proposed novel foot model may serve as a useful tool to clarify the function and mechanical effects of the PA and the foot during dynamic movements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:47:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-495e2c78363d4723b2734e48aa5dd5eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:47:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-495e2c78363d4723b2734e48aa5dd5eb2022-12-22T00:34:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852022-06-011010.3389/fbioe.2022.894731894731Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait StudiesYuka Matsumoto0Naomichi Ogihara1Hiroki Hanawa2Takanori Kokubun3Naohiko Kanemura4Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Health Science, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, JapanKinetic multi-segment foot models have been proposed to evaluate the forces and moments generated in the foot during walking based on inverse dynamics calculations. However, these models did not consider the plantar aponeurosis (PA) despite its potential importance in generation of the ground reaction forces and storage and release of mechanical energy. This study aimed to develop a novel multi-segment foot model incorporating the PA to better elucidate foot kinetics. The foot model comprised three segments: the phalanx, forefoot, and hindfoot. The PA was modeled using five linear springs connecting the origins and the insertions via intermediate points. To demonstrate the efficacy of the foot model, an inverse dynamic analysis of human gait was performed and how the inclusion of the PA model altered the estimated joint moments was examined. Ten healthy men walked along a walkway with two force plates placed in series close together. The attempts in which the participant placed his fore- and hindfoot on the front and rear force plates, respectively, were selected for inverse dynamic analysis. The stiffness and the natural length of each PA spring remain largely uncertain. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate how the estimated joint moments were altered by the changes in the two parameters within a range reported by previous studies. The present model incorporating the PA predicted that 13%–45% of plantarflexion in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and 8%–29% of plantarflexion in the midtarsal joints were generated by the PA at the time of push-off during walking. The midtarsal joint generated positive work, whereas the MTP joint generated negative work in the late stance phase. The positive and negative work done by the two joints decreased, indicating that the PA contributed towards transfer of the energy absorbed at the MTP joint to generate positive work at the midtarsal joint during walking. Although validation is limited due to the difficulty associated with direct measurement of the PA force in vivo, the proposed novel foot model may serve as a useful tool to clarify the function and mechanical effects of the PA and the foot during dynamic movements.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.894731/fullmulti-segment foot modelinverse dynamicsplantar fasciawalkinghealthy adultsmotion analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yuka Matsumoto Naomichi Ogihara Hiroki Hanawa Takanori Kokubun Naohiko Kanemura Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology multi-segment foot model inverse dynamics plantar fascia walking healthy adults motion analysis |
| title | Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies |
| title_full | Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies |
| title_fullStr | Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies |
| title_short | Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies |
| title_sort | novel multi segment foot model incorporating plantar aponeurosis for detailed kinematic and kinetic analyses of the foot with application to gait studies |
| topic | multi-segment foot model inverse dynamics plantar fascia walking healthy adults motion analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.894731/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yukamatsumoto novelmultisegmentfootmodelincorporatingplantaraponeurosisfordetailedkinematicandkineticanalysesofthefootwithapplicationtogaitstudies AT naomichiogihara novelmultisegmentfootmodelincorporatingplantaraponeurosisfordetailedkinematicandkineticanalysesofthefootwithapplicationtogaitstudies AT hirokihanawa novelmultisegmentfootmodelincorporatingplantaraponeurosisfordetailedkinematicandkineticanalysesofthefootwithapplicationtogaitstudies AT takanorikokubun novelmultisegmentfootmodelincorporatingplantaraponeurosisfordetailedkinematicandkineticanalysesofthefootwithapplicationtogaitstudies AT naohikokanemura novelmultisegmentfootmodelincorporatingplantaraponeurosisfordetailedkinematicandkineticanalysesofthefootwithapplicationtogaitstudies |