Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels
The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of alkaline hydrogels based on a common (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-methylenebisacrylamide, BIS) and three recently published tetraallyl crosslinkers. Such hydrogels have been shown to be suitable materials for the rehabilitation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/10/669 |
| _version_ | 1797473124700127232 |
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| author | Tim B. Mrohs Oliver Weichold |
| author_facet | Tim B. Mrohs Oliver Weichold |
| author_sort | Tim B. Mrohs |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of alkaline hydrogels based on a common (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-methylenebisacrylamide, BIS) and three recently published tetraallyl crosslinkers. Such hydrogels have been shown to be suitable materials for the rehabilitation of cementitious materials. Of the four crosslinkers under investigation, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-tetraallylpiperazinium dibromide decomposed quickly in 1 <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">m</span> KOH solution and was not considered further. BIS showed the first signs of a decomposition after several days, while tetraallylammonium bromide and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-tetraallyltrimethylene dipiperidine dibromide remained unaffected. In contrast to BIS, which suffers from low solubility in water, the two tetraallyl crosslinkers show unlimited miscibility with diallyldimethylammonium hydroxide solutions. For the study, gels with up to 50 wt % crosslinker were prepared. Of these, gels containing tetraallylammonium bromide always show the highest degrees of swelling, with a peak value of 397 g/g at a content of 2 wt %. Under accelerated ageing at 60 °C for 28 d, gels crosslinked with BIS ultimately turned liquid, while the storage modulus and the degree of swelling of the two tetraallyl-crosslinked gels remained unchanged. This indicates that alkaline gels can be suitable for long application periods, which are common for rehabilitation measures in the construction industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:11:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-496511243dd54410a78e124f2346a703 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:11:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-496511243dd54410a78e124f2346a7032023-11-24T00:14:00ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612022-10-0181066910.3390/gels8100669Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide HydrogelsTim B. Mrohs0Oliver Weichold1Institute of Building Materials Research, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 3, 52062 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Building Materials Research, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 3, 52062 Aachen, GermanyThe aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of alkaline hydrogels based on a common (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-methylenebisacrylamide, BIS) and three recently published tetraallyl crosslinkers. Such hydrogels have been shown to be suitable materials for the rehabilitation of cementitious materials. Of the four crosslinkers under investigation, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-tetraallylpiperazinium dibromide decomposed quickly in 1 <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">m</span> KOH solution and was not considered further. BIS showed the first signs of a decomposition after several days, while tetraallylammonium bromide and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-tetraallyltrimethylene dipiperidine dibromide remained unaffected. In contrast to BIS, which suffers from low solubility in water, the two tetraallyl crosslinkers show unlimited miscibility with diallyldimethylammonium hydroxide solutions. For the study, gels with up to 50 wt % crosslinker were prepared. Of these, gels containing tetraallylammonium bromide always show the highest degrees of swelling, with a peak value of 397 g/g at a content of 2 wt %. Under accelerated ageing at 60 °C for 28 d, gels crosslinked with BIS ultimately turned liquid, while the storage modulus and the degree of swelling of the two tetraallyl-crosslinked gels remained unchanged. This indicates that alkaline gels can be suitable for long application periods, which are common for rehabilitation measures in the construction industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/10/669hydrogelcopolymerdurabilityhydrolysisswellingrheology |
| spellingShingle | Tim B. Mrohs Oliver Weichold Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels Gels hydrogel copolymer durability hydrolysis swelling rheology |
| title | Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels |
| title_full | Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels |
| title_fullStr | Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels |
| title_short | Hydrolytic Stability of Crosslinked, Highly Alkaline Diallyldimethylammonium Hydroxide Hydrogels |
| title_sort | hydrolytic stability of crosslinked highly alkaline diallyldimethylammonium hydroxide hydrogels |
| topic | hydrogel copolymer durability hydrolysis swelling rheology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/10/669 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT timbmrohs hydrolyticstabilityofcrosslinkedhighlyalkalinediallyldimethylammoniumhydroxidehydrogels AT oliverweichold hydrolyticstabilityofcrosslinkedhighlyalkalinediallyldimethylammoniumhydroxidehydrogels |