A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites
Plant activators are chemicals that induce plant defense responses to various pathogens. Here, we reported a new potential plant activator, 6-(methoxymethyl)-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl] pyrimidin-4-ol, named PPA2 (pyrimidin-type plant activator 2). Unlike the traditional commercial plant activ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2705 |
| _version_ | 1797570703627649024 |
|---|---|
| author | Jian Li Ting Long Tie-Jun Sun Yun Lu Jian Yin Yu-Bing Yang Guang-Yi Dai Xiao-Yuan Zhu Nan Yao |
| author_facet | Jian Li Ting Long Tie-Jun Sun Yun Lu Jian Yin Yu-Bing Yang Guang-Yi Dai Xiao-Yuan Zhu Nan Yao |
| author_sort | Jian Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant activators are chemicals that induce plant defense responses to various pathogens. Here, we reported a new potential plant activator, 6-(methoxymethyl)-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl] pyrimidin-4-ol, named PPA2 (pyrimidin-type plant activator 2). Unlike the traditional commercial plant activator benzothiadiazole <i>S</i>-methyl ester (BTH), PPA2 was fully soluble in water, and it did not inhibit plant growth or root system development in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). PPA2 pretreatment significantly increased plant resistance against bacterial infection in both <i>Arabidopsis</i> and rice, in conjunction with increases in the level of jasmonoyl-isoleucine and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. In addition, metabolite profiling indicated that BTH significantly reduced the abundance of various primary metabolites in rice seedlings, including most amino acids, sugars, and organic acids; by contrast, PPA2 promoted their synthesis. Our results thus indicate that PPA2 enhances plant defenses against bacterial infection through the jasmonic acid pathway, and that as a water-soluble compound that can promote the synthesis of primary metabolites it has broad potential applications in agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:28:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-497a91b4f2854a7dbf236ce5a2a0cda6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:28:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-497a91b4f2854a7dbf236ce5a2a0cda62023-11-19T21:32:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01218270510.3390/ijms21082705A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary MetabolitesJian Li0Ting Long1Tie-Jun Sun2Yun Lu3Jian Yin4Yu-Bing Yang5Guang-Yi Dai6Xiao-Yuan Zhu7Nan Yao8State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaPlant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaPlant activators are chemicals that induce plant defense responses to various pathogens. Here, we reported a new potential plant activator, 6-(methoxymethyl)-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl] pyrimidin-4-ol, named PPA2 (pyrimidin-type plant activator 2). Unlike the traditional commercial plant activator benzothiadiazole <i>S</i>-methyl ester (BTH), PPA2 was fully soluble in water, and it did not inhibit plant growth or root system development in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). PPA2 pretreatment significantly increased plant resistance against bacterial infection in both <i>Arabidopsis</i> and rice, in conjunction with increases in the level of jasmonoyl-isoleucine and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. In addition, metabolite profiling indicated that BTH significantly reduced the abundance of various primary metabolites in rice seedlings, including most amino acids, sugars, and organic acids; by contrast, PPA2 promoted their synthesis. Our results thus indicate that PPA2 enhances plant defenses against bacterial infection through the jasmonic acid pathway, and that as a water-soluble compound that can promote the synthesis of primary metabolites it has broad potential applications in agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2705plant activatorplant resistancejasmonic acidprimary metabolitesrice |
| spellingShingle | Jian Li Ting Long Tie-Jun Sun Yun Lu Jian Yin Yu-Bing Yang Guang-Yi Dai Xiao-Yuan Zhu Nan Yao A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites International Journal of Molecular Sciences plant activator plant resistance jasmonic acid primary metabolites rice |
| title | A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites |
| title_full | A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites |
| title_fullStr | A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites |
| title_short | A Pyrimidin-Like Plant Activator Stimulates Plant Disease Resistance and Promotes the Synthesis of Primary Metabolites |
| title_sort | pyrimidin like plant activator stimulates plant disease resistance and promotes the synthesis of primary metabolites |
| topic | plant activator plant resistance jasmonic acid primary metabolites rice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2705 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jianli apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT tinglong apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT tiejunsun apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT yunlu apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT jianyin apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT yubingyang apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT guangyidai apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT xiaoyuanzhu apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT nanyao apyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT jianli pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT tinglong pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT tiejunsun pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT yunlu pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT jianyin pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT yubingyang pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT guangyidai pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT xiaoyuanzhu pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites AT nanyao pyrimidinlikeplantactivatorstimulatesplantdiseaseresistanceandpromotesthesynthesisofprimarymetabolites |