Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine
Suzie Y Rababa’h,1,2 Karem H Alzoubi,3 Hana M Hammad,2 Laiali Alquraan,1,4 Khalid El-Salem5 1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; 2Department of Medical Science, Irbid Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Irbid 21110, J...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Drug Design, Development and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/memory-impairment-induced-by-chronic-psychosocial-stress-is-prevented--peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
| _version_ | 1819013175795777536 |
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| author | Rababaʹh SY Alzoubi KH Hammad HM Alquraan L El-Salem K |
| author_facet | Rababaʹh SY Alzoubi KH Hammad HM Alquraan L El-Salem K |
| author_sort | Rababaʹh SY |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Suzie Y Rababa’h,1,2 Karem H Alzoubi,3 Hana M Hammad,2 Laiali Alquraan,1,4 Khalid El-Salem5 1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; 2Department of Medical Science, Irbid Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Irbid 21110, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 4Department of Biology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; 5Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanCorrespondence: Karem H AlzoubiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, JordanTel +962 2 7201000/ext. 23521Fax +962 2 7201075Email khalzoubi@just.edu.joIntroduction: Psychosocial stress (STS) negatively influences memory. This might be associated to oxidative stress-induced progressive destruction of numerous brain structures and functions. L-carnitine (L-CAR) is a widely used antioxidant compound that is endogenously made in mammalian species. The current study investigated the effect of L-CAR on STS-induced memory impairment in the rat hippocampus.Methods: The STS was induced using intruder model, where two rats were randomly switched from each one cage to another, once/day for 6 weeks. Concurrently, L-CAR (300mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered for 6 weeks. After that, radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to assess spatial learning memory in rats. Hippocampal biomarkers of oxidative stress, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were examined.Results: The results showed impairment of short-term memory (P < 0.05) during STS, whereas L-CAR treatment protected against this effect. Furthermore, while no change was observed in GSH, GSSG, GPx, catalase, and SOD, L-carnitine normalized STS-induced reduction in the hippocampal BDNF levels and increase in TBARS levels.Discussion: Chronic psychosocial stress-induced memory impairment was prevented via L-CAR administration, which could have been achieved via normalizing changes in lipid peroxidation (TBARs) and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.Keywords: L-carnitine, psychosocial stress, maze, hippocampus, memory, BDNF, oxidative stress |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:55:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-497b5acab9bf4cc3b1e49434ed9a67f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1177-8881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:55:46Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drug Design, Development and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-497b5acab9bf4cc3b1e49434ed9a67f22022-12-21T19:19:47ZengDove Medical PressDrug Design, Development and Therapy1177-88812019-12-01Volume 134341435050579Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-CarnitineRababaʹh SYAlzoubi KHHammad HMAlquraan LEl-Salem KSuzie Y Rababa’h,1,2 Karem H Alzoubi,3 Hana M Hammad,2 Laiali Alquraan,1,4 Khalid El-Salem5 1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; 2Department of Medical Science, Irbid Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Irbid 21110, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; 4Department of Biology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; 5Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanCorrespondence: Karem H AlzoubiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, JordanTel +962 2 7201000/ext. 23521Fax +962 2 7201075Email khalzoubi@just.edu.joIntroduction: Psychosocial stress (STS) negatively influences memory. This might be associated to oxidative stress-induced progressive destruction of numerous brain structures and functions. L-carnitine (L-CAR) is a widely used antioxidant compound that is endogenously made in mammalian species. The current study investigated the effect of L-CAR on STS-induced memory impairment in the rat hippocampus.Methods: The STS was induced using intruder model, where two rats were randomly switched from each one cage to another, once/day for 6 weeks. Concurrently, L-CAR (300mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered for 6 weeks. After that, radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to assess spatial learning memory in rats. Hippocampal biomarkers of oxidative stress, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were examined.Results: The results showed impairment of short-term memory (P < 0.05) during STS, whereas L-CAR treatment protected against this effect. Furthermore, while no change was observed in GSH, GSSG, GPx, catalase, and SOD, L-carnitine normalized STS-induced reduction in the hippocampal BDNF levels and increase in TBARS levels.Discussion: Chronic psychosocial stress-induced memory impairment was prevented via L-CAR administration, which could have been achieved via normalizing changes in lipid peroxidation (TBARs) and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.Keywords: L-carnitine, psychosocial stress, maze, hippocampus, memory, BDNF, oxidative stresshttps://www.dovepress.com/memory-impairment-induced-by-chronic-psychosocial-stress-is-prevented--peer-reviewed-article-DDDTl-carnitinepsychosocial stressmazehippocampusmemorybdnfoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Rababaʹh SY Alzoubi KH Hammad HM Alquraan L El-Salem K Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine Drug Design, Development and Therapy l-carnitine psychosocial stress maze hippocampus memory bdnf oxidative stress |
| title | Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine |
| title_full | Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine |
| title_fullStr | Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine |
| title_short | Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress Is Prevented by L-Carnitine |
| title_sort | memory impairment induced by chronic psychosocial stress is prevented by l carnitine |
| topic | l-carnitine psychosocial stress maze hippocampus memory bdnf oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/memory-impairment-induced-by-chronic-psychosocial-stress-is-prevented--peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
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