Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy
CD40 induces pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial and Müller cells and is required for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). CD40 is upregulated in these cells in patients with DR. CD40 upregulation is a central feature of CD40-driven inflammatory disorders. What drives CD40 upregulatio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/5/429 |
| _version_ | 1827319706195853312 |
|---|---|
| author | Jose-Andres C. Portillo Amelia Pfaff Sarah Vos Matthew Weng Ram H. Nagaraj Carlos S. Subauste |
| author_facet | Jose-Andres C. Portillo Amelia Pfaff Sarah Vos Matthew Weng Ram H. Nagaraj Carlos S. Subauste |
| author_sort | Jose-Andres C. Portillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CD40 induces pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial and Müller cells and is required for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). CD40 is upregulated in these cells in patients with DR. CD40 upregulation is a central feature of CD40-driven inflammatory disorders. What drives CD40 upregulation in the diabetic retina remains unknown. We examined the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in CD40 upregulation in endothelial cells and Müller cells. Human endothelial cells and Müller cells were incubated with unmodified or methylglyoxal (MGO)-modified fibronectin. CD40 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of ICAM-1 and CCL2 was examined by flow cytometry or ELISA after stimulation with CD154 (CD40 ligand). The expression of carboxymethyl lysine (CML), fibronectin, and laminin as well as CD40 in endothelial and Müller cells from patients with DR was examined by confocal microscopy. Fibronectin modified by MGO upregulated CD40 in endothelial and Müller cells. CD40 upregulation was functionally relevant. MGO-modified fibronectin enhanced CD154-driven upregulation of ICAM-1 and CCL2 in endothelial and Müller cells. Increased CD40 expression in endothelial and Müller cells from patients with DR was associated with increased CML expression in fibronectin and laminin. These findings identify AGEs as inducers of CD40 upregulation in endothelial and Müller cells and enhancers of CD40-dependent pro-inflammatory responses. CD40 upregulation in these cells is associated with higher CML expression in fibronectin and laminin in patients with DR. This study revealed that CD40 and AGEs, two important drivers of DR, are interconnected. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:33:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-497d28e347cd4e8c943649e98d19e1ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:33:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-497d28e347cd4e8c943649e98d19e1ba2024-03-12T16:41:41ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-02-0113542910.3390/cells13050429Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic RetinopathyJose-Andres C. Portillo0Amelia Pfaff1Sarah Vos2Matthew Weng3Ram H. Nagaraj4Carlos S. Subauste5Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADivision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADivision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADivision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USADivision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USACD40 induces pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial and Müller cells and is required for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). CD40 is upregulated in these cells in patients with DR. CD40 upregulation is a central feature of CD40-driven inflammatory disorders. What drives CD40 upregulation in the diabetic retina remains unknown. We examined the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in CD40 upregulation in endothelial cells and Müller cells. Human endothelial cells and Müller cells were incubated with unmodified or methylglyoxal (MGO)-modified fibronectin. CD40 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of ICAM-1 and CCL2 was examined by flow cytometry or ELISA after stimulation with CD154 (CD40 ligand). The expression of carboxymethyl lysine (CML), fibronectin, and laminin as well as CD40 in endothelial and Müller cells from patients with DR was examined by confocal microscopy. Fibronectin modified by MGO upregulated CD40 in endothelial and Müller cells. CD40 upregulation was functionally relevant. MGO-modified fibronectin enhanced CD154-driven upregulation of ICAM-1 and CCL2 in endothelial and Müller cells. Increased CD40 expression in endothelial and Müller cells from patients with DR was associated with increased CML expression in fibronectin and laminin. These findings identify AGEs as inducers of CD40 upregulation in endothelial and Müller cells and enhancers of CD40-dependent pro-inflammatory responses. CD40 upregulation in these cells is associated with higher CML expression in fibronectin and laminin in patients with DR. This study revealed that CD40 and AGEs, two important drivers of DR, are interconnected.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/5/429retinadiabetesinflammationadhesion moleculechemokinefibronectin |
| spellingShingle | Jose-Andres C. Portillo Amelia Pfaff Sarah Vos Matthew Weng Ram H. Nagaraj Carlos S. Subauste Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy Cells retina diabetes inflammation adhesion molecule chemokine fibronectin |
| title | Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_full | Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_short | Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_sort | advanced glycation end products upregulate cd40 in human retinal endothelial and muller cells relevance to diabetic retinopathy |
| topic | retina diabetes inflammation adhesion molecule chemokine fibronectin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/5/429 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joseandrescportillo advancedglycationendproductsupregulatecd40inhumanretinalendothelialandmullercellsrelevancetodiabeticretinopathy AT ameliapfaff advancedglycationendproductsupregulatecd40inhumanretinalendothelialandmullercellsrelevancetodiabeticretinopathy AT sarahvos advancedglycationendproductsupregulatecd40inhumanretinalendothelialandmullercellsrelevancetodiabeticretinopathy AT matthewweng advancedglycationendproductsupregulatecd40inhumanretinalendothelialandmullercellsrelevancetodiabeticretinopathy AT ramhnagaraj advancedglycationendproductsupregulatecd40inhumanretinalendothelialandmullercellsrelevancetodiabeticretinopathy AT carlosssubauste advancedglycationendproductsupregulatecd40inhumanretinalendothelialandmullercellsrelevancetodiabeticretinopathy |