The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes
Obesity is a major health concern and is becoming an increasingly serious societal problem worldwide. The browning of white adipocytes has received considerable attention because of its potential protective effect against obesity-related metabolic disease. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) is a n...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| author | Kippeum Lee Heegu Jin Sungwoo Chei Hyun-Ji Oh Sun-Hye Choi Seung-Yeol Nah Boo-Yong Lee |
| author_facet | Kippeum Lee Heegu Jin Sungwoo Chei Hyun-Ji Oh Sun-Hye Choi Seung-Yeol Nah Boo-Yong Lee |
| author_sort | Kippeum Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is a major health concern and is becoming an increasingly serious societal problem worldwide. The browning of white adipocytes has received considerable attention because of its potential protective effect against obesity-related metabolic disease. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) is a non-saponin, glycolipoprotein component of ginseng that is known to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-obesity and browning effects of GEF have not been explored to date. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether GEF has a preventive effect against obesity. We differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and mouse primary subcutaneous adipocytes for 8 days in the presence or absence of GEF, and then measured the expression of intermediates in signaling pathways that regulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis and browning by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We found that GEF reduced lipid accumulation by reducing the expression of pro-adipogenic and lipogenic factors, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis, which may be mediated by an increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase A. These findings suggest that GEF may induce fat metabolism and energy expenditure in white adipocytes and therefore may represent a potential treatment for obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:28:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-498094e554bf4062a039bddc8352d2c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:28:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-498094e554bf4062a039bddc8352d2c62023-11-20T06:49:25ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-07-01107104810.3390/biom10071048The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White AdipocytesKippeum Lee0Heegu Jin1Sungwoo Chei2Hyun-Ji Oh3Sun-Hye Choi4Seung-Yeol Nah5Boo-Yong Lee6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, KoreaGinsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, KoreaGinsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, KoreaObesity is a major health concern and is becoming an increasingly serious societal problem worldwide. The browning of white adipocytes has received considerable attention because of its potential protective effect against obesity-related metabolic disease. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) is a non-saponin, glycolipoprotein component of ginseng that is known to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-obesity and browning effects of GEF have not been explored to date. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether GEF has a preventive effect against obesity. We differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and mouse primary subcutaneous adipocytes for 8 days in the presence or absence of GEF, and then measured the expression of intermediates in signaling pathways that regulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis and browning by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We found that GEF reduced lipid accumulation by reducing the expression of pro-adipogenic and lipogenic factors, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis, which may be mediated by an increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase A. These findings suggest that GEF may induce fat metabolism and energy expenditure in white adipocytes and therefore may represent a potential treatment for obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/7/1048ginsenggintonin-enriched fractionwhite adipocytetriglyceridesbrowningobesity |
| spellingShingle | Kippeum Lee Heegu Jin Sungwoo Chei Hyun-Ji Oh Sun-Hye Choi Seung-Yeol Nah Boo-Yong Lee The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes Biomolecules ginseng gintonin-enriched fraction white adipocyte triglycerides browning obesity |
| title | The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes |
| title_full | The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes |
| title_fullStr | The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes |
| title_short | The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes |
| title_sort | gintonin enriched fraction of ginseng regulates lipid metabolism and browning via the camp protein kinase a signaling pathway in mice white adipocytes |
| topic | ginseng gintonin-enriched fraction white adipocyte triglycerides browning obesity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/7/1048 |
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