COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics
COVID-19 can be associated with lung fibrosis. Although lung fibrosis after COVID-19 is a relatively rare finding, the mere fact that globally a very large number of patients have had COVID-19 leads to a significant burden of disease. However, patients with COVID-19-associated lung fibrosis have dif...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Transplantology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3943/3/3/24 |
| _version_ | 1797481756729802752 |
|---|---|
| author | René Hage Macé M. Schuurmans |
| author_facet | René Hage Macé M. Schuurmans |
| author_sort | René Hage |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 can be associated with lung fibrosis. Although lung fibrosis after COVID-19 is a relatively rare finding, the mere fact that globally a very large number of patients have had COVID-19 leads to a significant burden of disease. However, patients with COVID-19-associated lung fibrosis have different clinical and radiological features. The aim of this review is to define the different phenotypes of COVID-19-associated lung fibrosis, based on the medical literature. We found that two phenotypes have emerged. One phenotype is COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS); the other phenotype is post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Both phenotypes have different risk factors, clinical, and radiological features, and differ in their pathophysiological mechanisms and prognoses. A long-term follow-up of patients with pulmonary complications after COVID-19 is warranted, even in patients with only discrete fibrosis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment because currently the literature is scarce, and evidence is only based on small case series or case reports. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4995be5e1aed45139813bb097ffebae6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3943 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Transplantology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4995be5e1aed45139813bb097ffebae62023-11-23T19:17:23ZengMDPI AGTransplantology2673-39432022-07-013323024010.3390/transplantology3030024COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and AntifibroticsRené Hage0Macé M. Schuurmans1Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandDivision of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandCOVID-19 can be associated with lung fibrosis. Although lung fibrosis after COVID-19 is a relatively rare finding, the mere fact that globally a very large number of patients have had COVID-19 leads to a significant burden of disease. However, patients with COVID-19-associated lung fibrosis have different clinical and radiological features. The aim of this review is to define the different phenotypes of COVID-19-associated lung fibrosis, based on the medical literature. We found that two phenotypes have emerged. One phenotype is COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS); the other phenotype is post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Both phenotypes have different risk factors, clinical, and radiological features, and differ in their pathophysiological mechanisms and prognoses. A long-term follow-up of patients with pulmonary complications after COVID-19 is warranted, even in patients with only discrete fibrosis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment because currently the literature is scarce, and evidence is only based on small case series or case reports.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3943/3/3/24lung transplantationSARS-CoV-2fibrosisphenotype hypothesis |
| spellingShingle | René Hage Macé M. Schuurmans COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics Transplantology lung transplantation SARS-CoV-2 fibrosis phenotype hypothesis |
| title | COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics |
| title_full | COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics |
| title_short | COVID-19-Associated Lung Fibrosis: Two Pathways and Two Phenotypes, Lung Transplantation, and Antifibrotics |
| title_sort | covid 19 associated lung fibrosis two pathways and two phenotypes lung transplantation and antifibrotics |
| topic | lung transplantation SARS-CoV-2 fibrosis phenotype hypothesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3943/3/3/24 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT renehage covid19associatedlungfibrosistwopathwaysandtwophenotypeslungtransplantationandantifibrotics AT macemschuurmans covid19associatedlungfibrosistwopathwaysandtwophenotypeslungtransplantationandantifibrotics |