<i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae)
Unlike seed plants, ferns leaves are considered to be structures with delayed determinacy, with a leaf apical meristem similar to the shoot apical meristems. To better understand the meristematic organization during leaf development and determinacy control, we analyzed the cell divisions and express...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/12/4295 |
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| author | Rafael Cruz Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna Alejandra Vasco Jefferson Prado Barbara A. Ambrose |
| author_facet | Rafael Cruz Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna Alejandra Vasco Jefferson Prado Barbara A. Ambrose |
| author_sort | Rafael Cruz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Unlike seed plants, ferns leaves are considered to be structures with delayed determinacy, with a leaf apical meristem similar to the shoot apical meristems. To better understand the meristematic organization during leaf development and determinacy control, we analyzed the cell divisions and expression of <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes in <i>Mickelia scandens</i>, a fern that produces larger leaves with more pinnae in its climbing form than in its terrestrial form. We performed anatomical, in situ hybridization, and qRT-PCR experiments with <i>histone H4</i> (cell division marker) and <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes. We found that <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes are expressed in shoot apical meristems, leaf apical meristems, and pinnae primordia. During early development, cell divisions occur in the most distal regions of the analyzed structures, including pinnae, and are not restricted to apical cells. Fern leaves and pinnae bear apical meristems that may partially act as indeterminate shoots, supporting the hypothesis of homology between shoots and leaves. Class <i>I KNOX</i> expression is correlated with indeterminacy in the apex and leaf of ferns, suggesting a conserved function for these genes in euphyllophytes with compound leaves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:06:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-499712f97adf4b6b9d3ffeeeb54251dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:06:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-499712f97adf4b6b9d3ffeeeb54251dc2023-11-20T04:02:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-06-012112429510.3390/ijms21124295<i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae)Rafael Cruz0Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna1Alejandra Vasco2Jefferson Prado3Barbara A. Ambrose4Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo (SP) CEP 04301-902, BrazilInstituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05422-971, BrazilBotanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76107-3400, USAInstituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo (SP) CEP 04301-902, BrazilThe New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USAUnlike seed plants, ferns leaves are considered to be structures with delayed determinacy, with a leaf apical meristem similar to the shoot apical meristems. To better understand the meristematic organization during leaf development and determinacy control, we analyzed the cell divisions and expression of <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes in <i>Mickelia scandens</i>, a fern that produces larger leaves with more pinnae in its climbing form than in its terrestrial form. We performed anatomical, in situ hybridization, and qRT-PCR experiments with <i>histone H4</i> (cell division marker) and <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes. We found that <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes are expressed in shoot apical meristems, leaf apical meristems, and pinnae primordia. During early development, cell divisions occur in the most distal regions of the analyzed structures, including pinnae, and are not restricted to apical cells. Fern leaves and pinnae bear apical meristems that may partially act as indeterminate shoots, supporting the hypothesis of homology between shoots and leaves. Class <i>I KNOX</i> expression is correlated with indeterminacy in the apex and leaf of ferns, suggesting a conserved function for these genes in euphyllophytes with compound leaves.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/12/4295apical meristems<i>Class I KNOX</i> genescompound leavesdeterminacyDryopteridaceaeferns |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Cruz Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna Alejandra Vasco Jefferson Prado Barbara A. Ambrose <i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae) International Journal of Molecular Sciences apical meristems <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes compound leaves determinacy Dryopteridaceae ferns |
| title | <i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae) |
| title_full | <i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae) |
| title_fullStr | <i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae) |
| title_short | <i>Class I KNOX</i> Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern <i>Mickelia scandens</i> (Dryopteridaceae) |
| title_sort | i class i knox i is related to determinacy during the leaf development of the fern i mickelia scandens i dryopteridaceae |
| topic | apical meristems <i>Class I KNOX</i> genes compound leaves determinacy Dryopteridaceae ferns |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/12/4295 |
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