Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review
Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing globally, which negatively affects food safety, veterinary, and human medicine. Ineffective antibiotics may cause treatment failure, which results in prolonged hospitalisation, increased mortality, and consequently, increased health care costs. <i>S...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1108 |
| _version_ | 1797520453311397888 |
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| author | Thembeka Thwala Evelyn Madoroba Albert Basson Patrick Butaye |
| author_facet | Thembeka Thwala Evelyn Madoroba Albert Basson Patrick Butaye |
| author_sort | Thembeka Thwala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing globally, which negatively affects food safety, veterinary, and human medicine. Ineffective antibiotics may cause treatment failure, which results in prolonged hospitalisation, increased mortality, and consequently, increased health care costs. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> causes a diverse range of infections including septicaemia and endocarditis. However, in food, it mainly causes food poisoning by the production of enterotoxins. With the discovery of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains that have a separate reservoir in livestock animals, which were termed as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (LA-MRSA) in 2005, it became clear that animals may pose another health risk. Though LA-MRSA is mainly transferred by direct contact, food transmission cannot be excluded. While the current strains are not very pathogenic, mitigation is advisable, as they may acquire new virulence genes, becoming more pathogenic, and may transfer their resistance genes. Control of LA-MRSA poses significant problems, and only Norway has an active mitigation strategy. There is limited information about LA-MRSA, MRSA in general, and other <i>S. aureus</i> infections from African countries. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial susceptible and resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (with a focus on MRSA) from meat and meat products in African countries and compare it to the situation in the rest of the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:56:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-499780c9d7fd4249b718c7d74a0a9295 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:56:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-499780c9d7fd4249b718c7d74a0a92952023-11-22T11:46:23ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-09-01109110810.3390/antibiotics10091108Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A ReviewThembeka Thwala0Evelyn Madoroba1Albert Basson2Patrick Butaye3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South AfricaDepartment of Biosciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Saint Kitts and NevisAntimicrobial resistance has been increasing globally, which negatively affects food safety, veterinary, and human medicine. Ineffective antibiotics may cause treatment failure, which results in prolonged hospitalisation, increased mortality, and consequently, increased health care costs. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> causes a diverse range of infections including septicaemia and endocarditis. However, in food, it mainly causes food poisoning by the production of enterotoxins. With the discovery of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains that have a separate reservoir in livestock animals, which were termed as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (LA-MRSA) in 2005, it became clear that animals may pose another health risk. Though LA-MRSA is mainly transferred by direct contact, food transmission cannot be excluded. While the current strains are not very pathogenic, mitigation is advisable, as they may acquire new virulence genes, becoming more pathogenic, and may transfer their resistance genes. Control of LA-MRSA poses significant problems, and only Norway has an active mitigation strategy. There is limited information about LA-MRSA, MRSA in general, and other <i>S. aureus</i> infections from African countries. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial susceptible and resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (with a focus on MRSA) from meat and meat products in African countries and compare it to the situation in the rest of the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1108<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Africaantimicrobial resistancelivestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>meat and meat products |
| spellingShingle | Thembeka Thwala Evelyn Madoroba Albert Basson Patrick Butaye Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review Antibiotics <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Africa antimicrobial resistance livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> meat and meat products |
| title | Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review |
| title_full | Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review |
| title_short | Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review |
| title_sort | prevalence and characteristics of i staphylococcus aureus i associated with meat and meat products in african countries a review |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Africa antimicrobial resistance livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> meat and meat products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1108 |
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