Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M. tb</i>) causes tuberculosis infection in humans worldwide, especially among immunocompromised populations and areas of the world with insufficient funding for tuberculosis treatment. Specifically, <i>M. tb</i> is predominan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1772 |
| _version_ | 1797441007442198528 |
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| author | Nicole Poladian Davit Orujyan William Narinyan Armani K. Oganyan Inesa Navasardyan Prathosh Velpuri Abraham Chorbajian Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_facet | Nicole Poladian Davit Orujyan William Narinyan Armani K. Oganyan Inesa Navasardyan Prathosh Velpuri Abraham Chorbajian Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_sort | Nicole Poladian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M. tb</i>) causes tuberculosis infection in humans worldwide, especially among immunocompromised populations and areas of the world with insufficient funding for tuberculosis treatment. Specifically, <i>M. tb</i> is predominantly exhibited as a latent infection, which poses a greater risk of reactivation for infected individuals. It has been previously shown that <i>M. tb</i> infection requires pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators to manage its associated granuloma formation via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and caseum formation via IL-10, respectively. Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) has been found to play a unique mediator role in providing a pro-inflammatory response to chronic inflammatory disease processes by promoting the activation of macrophages and the release of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. NF-κB’s role is especially interesting in its mechanism of assisting the immune system’s defense against <i>M. tb</i>, wherein NF-κB induces IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) to decrease the immune response, but has also been shown to crucially assist in keeping a granuloma and bacterial load contained. In order to understand NF-κB’s role in reducing <i>M. tb</i> infection, within this literature review we will discuss the dynamic interaction between <i>M. tb</i> and NF-κB, with a focus on the intracellular signaling pathways and the possible side effects of NF-κB inactivation on <i>M. tb</i> infection. Through a thorough review of these interactions, this review aims to highlight the role of NF-κB in <i>M. tb</i> infection for the purpose of better understanding the complex immune response to <i>M. tb</i> infection and to uncover further potential therapeutic methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-499af42a2d87418d84c5506931ad1f28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-499af42a2d87418d84c5506931ad1f282023-11-30T22:45:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242177210.3390/ijms24021772Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> InfectionNicole Poladian0Davit Orujyan1William Narinyan2Armani K. Oganyan3Inesa Navasardyan4Prathosh Velpuri5Abraham Chorbajian6Vishwanath Venketaraman7College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Ave, Des Moines, IA 50312, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M. tb</i>) causes tuberculosis infection in humans worldwide, especially among immunocompromised populations and areas of the world with insufficient funding for tuberculosis treatment. Specifically, <i>M. tb</i> is predominantly exhibited as a latent infection, which poses a greater risk of reactivation for infected individuals. It has been previously shown that <i>M. tb</i> infection requires pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators to manage its associated granuloma formation via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and caseum formation via IL-10, respectively. Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) has been found to play a unique mediator role in providing a pro-inflammatory response to chronic inflammatory disease processes by promoting the activation of macrophages and the release of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. NF-κB’s role is especially interesting in its mechanism of assisting the immune system’s defense against <i>M. tb</i>, wherein NF-κB induces IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) to decrease the immune response, but has also been shown to crucially assist in keeping a granuloma and bacterial load contained. In order to understand NF-κB’s role in reducing <i>M. tb</i> infection, within this literature review we will discuss the dynamic interaction between <i>M. tb</i> and NF-κB, with a focus on the intracellular signaling pathways and the possible side effects of NF-κB inactivation on <i>M. tb</i> infection. Through a thorough review of these interactions, this review aims to highlight the role of NF-κB in <i>M. tb</i> infection for the purpose of better understanding the complex immune response to <i>M. tb</i> infection and to uncover further potential therapeutic methods.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1772<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>NF-κBinflammationcytokinesgranulomarifampicin |
| spellingShingle | Nicole Poladian Davit Orujyan William Narinyan Armani K. Oganyan Inesa Navasardyan Prathosh Velpuri Abraham Chorbajian Vishwanath Venketaraman Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> NF-κB inflammation cytokines granuloma rifampicin |
| title | Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection |
| title_full | Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection |
| title_short | Role of NF-κB during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection |
| title_sort | role of nf κb during i mycobacterium tuberculosis i infection |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> NF-κB inflammation cytokines granuloma rifampicin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1772 |
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