Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao
Abstract Background The associations between viral etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) with meteorological factors and air pollutants among children is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the viral etiology among children hospitalized for ARI and the association of meteorolo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07585-y |
| _version_ | 1828335296000819200 |
|---|---|
| author | Cheng Lei Cheong Tat Lou King Io Kin Ian SiTou Chong Pak Ip HongJin U Baoquan Pan Carolina Oi Lam Ung |
| author_facet | Cheng Lei Cheong Tat Lou King Io Kin Ian SiTou Chong Pak Ip HongJin U Baoquan Pan Carolina Oi Lam Ung |
| author_sort | Cheng Lei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The associations between viral etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) with meteorological factors and air pollutants among children is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the viral etiology among children hospitalized for ARI and the association of meteorological factors and air pollutants with children hospitalization due to viral ARI. Methods Electronic health record data about children (aged between 1 month and 14 years) admitted for ARI at Kiang Wu Hospital in Macao between 2014 and 2017 was analyzed retrospectively. xMAP multiplex assays were used to detect viruses in the nasopharyngeal swab and distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate associations. Results Among the 4880 cases of children hospitalization due to ARI, 3767 (77.2%) were tested positive for at least one virus and 676 (18%) exhibited multiple infections. Enterovirus (EV)/rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus (IFV) were the most common viral pathogens associated with ARI and human bocavirus (hBOV) exhibited the highest multiple infection rates. Meteorological factors and air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) were associated with the risk of viral ARI hospitalization. The relative risk of viral infection increased with daily mean temperature but plateaued when temperature exceeded 23 °C, and increased when the relative humidity was < 70% and peaked at 50%. The effect of solar radiation was insignificant. Air pollutants (including PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3) showed strong and immediate effect on the incidence of viral infection. Conclusions The effects of mean temperature, relative humidity and air pollutants should be taken into account when considering management of ARI among children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:44:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-499c134a53d341509f9cb59d572fee39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:44:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-499c134a53d341509f9cb59d572fee392022-12-22T02:28:39ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342022-07-0122111310.1186/s12879-022-07585-yViral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in MacaoCheng Lei0Cheong Tat Lou1King Io2Kin Ian SiTou3Chong Pak Ip4HongJin U5Baoquan Pan6Carolina Oi Lam Ung7Department of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu HospitalState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of MacauAbstract Background The associations between viral etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) with meteorological factors and air pollutants among children is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the viral etiology among children hospitalized for ARI and the association of meteorological factors and air pollutants with children hospitalization due to viral ARI. Methods Electronic health record data about children (aged between 1 month and 14 years) admitted for ARI at Kiang Wu Hospital in Macao between 2014 and 2017 was analyzed retrospectively. xMAP multiplex assays were used to detect viruses in the nasopharyngeal swab and distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate associations. Results Among the 4880 cases of children hospitalization due to ARI, 3767 (77.2%) were tested positive for at least one virus and 676 (18%) exhibited multiple infections. Enterovirus (EV)/rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus (IFV) were the most common viral pathogens associated with ARI and human bocavirus (hBOV) exhibited the highest multiple infection rates. Meteorological factors and air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) were associated with the risk of viral ARI hospitalization. The relative risk of viral infection increased with daily mean temperature but plateaued when temperature exceeded 23 °C, and increased when the relative humidity was < 70% and peaked at 50%. The effect of solar radiation was insignificant. Air pollutants (including PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3) showed strong and immediate effect on the incidence of viral infection. Conclusions The effects of mean temperature, relative humidity and air pollutants should be taken into account when considering management of ARI among children.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07585-yAcute respiratory infectionsMeteorological factorsAir pollutantsChildrenHospitalization |
| spellingShingle | Cheng Lei Cheong Tat Lou King Io Kin Ian SiTou Chong Pak Ip HongJin U Baoquan Pan Carolina Oi Lam Ung Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao BMC Infectious Diseases Acute respiratory infections Meteorological factors Air pollutants Children Hospitalization |
| title | Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao |
| title_full | Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao |
| title_fullStr | Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao |
| title_short | Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao |
| title_sort | viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants a time series study 2014 2017 in macao |
| topic | Acute respiratory infections Meteorological factors Air pollutants Children Hospitalization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07585-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chenglei viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT cheongtatlou viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT kingio viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT kiniansitou viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT chongpakip viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT hongjinu viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT baoquanpan viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao AT carolinaoilamung viraletiologyamongchildrenhospitalizedforacuterespiratorytractinfectionsanditsassociationwithmeteorologicalfactorsandairpollutantsatimeseriesstudy20142017inmacao |