Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts
According to recent studies, Norway spruce cones and eastern hemlock cones possess exceptionally high antioxidant capacities; however, the antioxidant efficiency of extractives and their bioactive effects have yet to be investigated in detail. The present article utilizes state-of-the art analytical...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Forests |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1189 |
| _version_ | 1797519267867918336 |
|---|---|
| author | Tamás Hofmann Levente Albert László Németh Martina Vršanská Nikola Schlosserová Stanislava Voběrková Eszter Visi-Rajczi |
| author_facet | Tamás Hofmann Levente Albert László Németh Martina Vršanská Nikola Schlosserová Stanislava Voběrková Eszter Visi-Rajczi |
| author_sort | Tamás Hofmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | According to recent studies, Norway spruce cones and eastern hemlock cones possess exceptionally high antioxidant capacities; however, the antioxidant efficiency of extractives and their bioactive effects have yet to be investigated in detail. The present article utilizes state-of-the art analytical chemical methodology and chemometric evaluation to reveal cone extractives with the highest antioxidant potential, accounting for possible bioactive effects. Antioxidant properties were determined by the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu’s total phenol content (TPC) assay. Structure and relative polyphenol concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/tandem mass spectrometry. The antibacterial testing was conducted using <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains. Using correlation analysis and factor analysis, a scoring evaluation was implemented to determine and compare the antioxidant efficiency of extractives. In Norway spruce, piceatannol-<i>O</i>-hexoside and coumaric acid derivatives were found to be the most powerful antioxidants, while in eastern hemlock, kaempferol glycosides were the most powerful. The antibacterial test did not show any promising antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli,</i> although a visible inhibitory effect on <i>S. aureus</i> strain was observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:39:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49b27e208a9f4359a0c78384b6871107 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-49b27e208a9f4359a0c78384b68711072023-11-22T13:07:24ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-09-01129118910.3390/f12091189Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone ExtractsTamás Hofmann0Levente Albert1László Németh2Martina Vršanská3Nikola Schlosserová4Stanislava Voběrková5Eszter Visi-Rajczi6Institute of Chemistry, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, HungaryInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, HungaryInstitute of Mathematics, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, HungaryDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, HungaryAccording to recent studies, Norway spruce cones and eastern hemlock cones possess exceptionally high antioxidant capacities; however, the antioxidant efficiency of extractives and their bioactive effects have yet to be investigated in detail. The present article utilizes state-of-the art analytical chemical methodology and chemometric evaluation to reveal cone extractives with the highest antioxidant potential, accounting for possible bioactive effects. Antioxidant properties were determined by the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu’s total phenol content (TPC) assay. Structure and relative polyphenol concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/tandem mass spectrometry. The antibacterial testing was conducted using <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains. Using correlation analysis and factor analysis, a scoring evaluation was implemented to determine and compare the antioxidant efficiency of extractives. In Norway spruce, piceatannol-<i>O</i>-hexoside and coumaric acid derivatives were found to be the most powerful antioxidants, while in eastern hemlock, kaempferol glycosides were the most powerful. The antibacterial test did not show any promising antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli,</i> although a visible inhibitory effect on <i>S. aureus</i> strain was observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1189Norway spruceeastern hemlockpolyphenolsantioxidant capacitychemometricshigh-performance liquid chromatography |
| spellingShingle | Tamás Hofmann Levente Albert László Németh Martina Vršanská Nikola Schlosserová Stanislava Voběrková Eszter Visi-Rajczi Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts Forests Norway spruce eastern hemlock polyphenols antioxidant capacity chemometrics high-performance liquid chromatography |
| title | Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts |
| title_full | Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts |
| title_short | Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i> (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts |
| title_sort | antioxidant and antibacterial properties of norway spruce i picea abies i h karst and eastern hemlock i tsuga canadensis i l carriere cone extracts |
| topic | Norway spruce eastern hemlock polyphenols antioxidant capacity chemometrics high-performance liquid chromatography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1189 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tamashofmann antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts AT leventealbert antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts AT laszlonemeth antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts AT martinavrsanska antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts AT nikolaschlosserova antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts AT stanislavavoberkova antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts AT esztervisirajczi antioxidantandantibacterialpropertiesofnorwayspruceipiceaabiesihkarstandeasternhemlockitsugacanadensisilcarriereconeextracts |