Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2379 |
| _version_ | 1797614722020802560 |
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| author | Lishuang Deng Zhijie Jian Tong Xu Fengqin Li Huidan Deng Yuancheng Zhou Siyuan Lai Zhiwen Xu Ling Zhu |
| author_facet | Lishuang Deng Zhijie Jian Tong Xu Fengqin Li Huidan Deng Yuancheng Zhou Siyuan Lai Zhiwen Xu Ling Zhu |
| author_sort | Lishuang Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:16:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49b4ebe045dd470ba763e6f2960f4079 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:16:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-49b4ebe045dd470ba763e6f2960f40792023-11-17T08:15:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-03-01285237910.3390/molecules28052379Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung DiseasesLishuang Deng0Zhijie Jian1Tong Xu2Fengqin Li3Huidan Deng4Yuancheng Zhou5Siyuan Lai6Zhiwen Xu7Ling Zhu8College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 625014, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, ChinaMacrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2379macrophagepolarizationM1/M2signaling pathwaylung disease |
| spellingShingle | Lishuang Deng Zhijie Jian Tong Xu Fengqin Li Huidan Deng Yuancheng Zhou Siyuan Lai Zhiwen Xu Ling Zhu Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases Molecules macrophage polarization M1/M2 signaling pathway lung disease |
| title | Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases |
| title_full | Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases |
| title_short | Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases |
| title_sort | macrophage polarization an important candidate regulator for lung diseases |
| topic | macrophage polarization M1/M2 signaling pathway lung disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2379 |
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