Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica
Salt marshes are a valuable ecosystem with coastal protection potential, for example by absorbing hydrodynamic energy, increasing sedimentation and stabilizing the soil. This study investigated biomechanical properties of Spartina anglica to improve future models of wave-vegetation interaction. To f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1095200/full |
| _version_ | 1797900483939008512 |
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| author | Kara Keimer Viktoria Kosmalla Inga Prüter Oliver Lojek Markus Prinz David Schürenkamp Holger Freund Nils Goseberg Nils Goseberg |
| author_facet | Kara Keimer Viktoria Kosmalla Inga Prüter Oliver Lojek Markus Prinz David Schürenkamp Holger Freund Nils Goseberg Nils Goseberg |
| author_sort | Kara Keimer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salt marshes are a valuable ecosystem with coastal protection potential, for example by absorbing hydrodynamic energy, increasing sedimentation and stabilizing the soil. This study investigated biomechanical properties of Spartina anglica to improve future models of wave-vegetation interaction. To fully understand the correlations between hydro- and biomechanics, the biomechanical vegetation properties from December 2021 to July 2022 are investigated with specimens collected from the field monthly. 551 specimens were used to determine the vegetation properties during storm surge season with high hydrodynamic forces. Additional geometrical properties were determined for 1265 specimens. Three-point bending tests measured the stiffness S (N/mm) and maximum forces Fmax (N). Different phenological states were observed over time and separated for analysis. These states provide a novel classification of growth periods for evaluating the coastal protection potential of Spartina anglica. Especially during storm season, most specimen were identified as broken shoots with a mean stiffness of 1.92N/mm (using 304 samples) compared to the bottom part of flowering shoots in December and January with a mean stiffness of 2.98N/mm (using 61 samples). The classification of plant properties recognizing phenological differences, based on plant state and seasonality, can be used to explain and reduce variability of biomechanical properties obtained during field campaigns. Additionally, this study shows that March to April is recommended for future investigations focusing on shoot properties during storm surge season, which is the important season for coastal engineers considering vegetation state. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:45:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49b5b9311f134e54b0a6879b8cb3ba09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:45:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-49b5b9311f134e54b0a6879b8cb3ba092023-02-22T07:51:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-02-011010.3389/fmars.2023.10952001095200Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglicaKara Keimer0Viktoria Kosmalla1Inga Prüter2Oliver Lojek3Markus Prinz4David Schürenkamp5Holger Freund6Nils Goseberg7Nils Goseberg8Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydromechanics, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyLeichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydromechanics, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyLeichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydromechanics, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyLeichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydromechanics, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, GermanyLeichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydromechanics, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, GermanyLeichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydromechanics, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyCoastal Research Center, Joint Central Institution of the Leibniz Universität Hannover and the Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hannover, GermanySalt marshes are a valuable ecosystem with coastal protection potential, for example by absorbing hydrodynamic energy, increasing sedimentation and stabilizing the soil. This study investigated biomechanical properties of Spartina anglica to improve future models of wave-vegetation interaction. To fully understand the correlations between hydro- and biomechanics, the biomechanical vegetation properties from December 2021 to July 2022 are investigated with specimens collected from the field monthly. 551 specimens were used to determine the vegetation properties during storm surge season with high hydrodynamic forces. Additional geometrical properties were determined for 1265 specimens. Three-point bending tests measured the stiffness S (N/mm) and maximum forces Fmax (N). Different phenological states were observed over time and separated for analysis. These states provide a novel classification of growth periods for evaluating the coastal protection potential of Spartina anglica. Especially during storm season, most specimen were identified as broken shoots with a mean stiffness of 1.92N/mm (using 304 samples) compared to the bottom part of flowering shoots in December and January with a mean stiffness of 2.98N/mm (using 61 samples). The classification of plant properties recognizing phenological differences, based on plant state and seasonality, can be used to explain and reduce variability of biomechanical properties obtained during field campaigns. Additionally, this study shows that March to April is recommended for future investigations focusing on shoot properties during storm surge season, which is the important season for coastal engineers considering vegetation state.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1095200/fullsalt marshecosystem servicesbarrier islandSpartina anglicastiffnessthree-point bending tests |
| spellingShingle | Kara Keimer Viktoria Kosmalla Inga Prüter Oliver Lojek Markus Prinz David Schürenkamp Holger Freund Nils Goseberg Nils Goseberg Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica Frontiers in Marine Science salt marsh ecosystem services barrier island Spartina anglica stiffness three-point bending tests |
| title | Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica |
| title_full | Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica |
| title_fullStr | Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica |
| title_short | Proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of Spartina anglica |
| title_sort | proposing a novel classification of growth periods based on biomechanical properties and seasonal changes of spartina anglica |
| topic | salt marsh ecosystem services barrier island Spartina anglica stiffness three-point bending tests |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1095200/full |
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