| Summary: | Background: The use of tunnel boring machines is continuously increasing; however, this activity faces many risks, resulting in negative events. Methods: A novel approach using the best–worst method and a data envelopment analysis model was proposed to analyze the risks of underground tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines. The proposed approach was validated using a realistic case study of metro construction in Thailand. Results: The proposed approach efficiently analyzed the risks and produced more solid findings. The most critical and least affected risks can be identified according to risk scores in descending order. Implication: This study contributes a new method of risk analysis that benefits project managers and stakeholders who design risk management plans to reduce the occurrence and mitigate the severity of metro works. Originality: The new risk analysis can obtain the best compromise ranking of risks based on decision-makers’ preferences, probabilities, and various consequences under different circumstances.
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