Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em>
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the most harmful plant parasitic nematode on trees in Asia and Europe and is the causal agent of the so-called pine wilt disease of susceptible conifer species, mainly Pinus spp. The disease has occurred only outside its natural range of distribu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | deu |
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Julius Kühn-Institut
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Journal für Kulturpflanzen |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/Kulturpflanzenjournal/article/view/12903 |
| _version_ | 1818792003542974464 |
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| author | Andrea Hopf-Biziks Thomas Schröder |
| author_facet | Andrea Hopf-Biziks Thomas Schröder |
| author_sort | Andrea Hopf-Biziks |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the most harmful plant parasitic nematode on trees in Asia and Europe and is the causal agent of the so-called pine wilt disease of susceptible conifer species, mainly Pinus spp. The disease has occurred only outside its natural range of distribution (North America) or on non-native pine species. In greenhouse trials using saplings, Pinus sylvestris was one of the most susceptible European pine species. To examine the significance of these sapling-based analyses concerning the population dynamics and pathogenicity for mature P. sylvestris trees, investigations using seven- to eight-year-old trees were carried out. The trees were artificially inoculated using a suspension of 10,000 B. xylophilus in 600 μl of tap water per tree. For the population dynamics investigation, the pines were divided into 48 segments for nematode extraction. The development of wilt symptoms as well as physiological changes were observed until tree death.
During the population dynamics investigation, B. xylophilus was located at the inoculation site and in adjacent segments during the first 11 days after inoculation. On day 16, B. xylophilus was distributed throughout the entire stem, adjacent branch segments, root collar and roots before any external wilt symptoms appeared. With increasing pine wilt disease, B. xylophilus was finally found in all wood and root segments. High nematode densities appeared. Shortly before tree death, the treetop showed several nematode-free segments. The rest of the stem and adjacent branch segments and root collar were highly nematode-infested. During the pathogenicity investigation, all B. xylophilus-inoculated pines died within 84 days. The significant decline in the water potential in the needles was steeper and more strongly correlated with increasing wilt symptoms compared to a drought-stressed variant. However, the decline in the water potential in the needles started earlier in the drought-stressed pine variant. In conclusion, the population dynamics of B. xylophilus in seven- to eight-year-old P. sylvestris trees and the pathological reactions of the pines were comparable to those observed in assays with saplings, although delayed in reaching a population peak and developing wilt symptoms. Therefore, P. sylvestris saplings are good indicator trees for B. xylophilus population dynamics and pathogenicity investigations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T15:20:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49c22a74998746afb696e5db1760ae3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-0911 1867-0938 |
| language | deu |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T15:20:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Julius Kühn-Institut |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal für Kulturpflanzen |
| spelling | doaj.art-49c22a74998746afb696e5db1760ae3d2022-12-21T21:03:25ZdeuJulius Kühn-InstitutJournal für Kulturpflanzen1867-09111867-09382019-05-0171510.5073/JfK.2019.05.01Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em>Andrea Hopf-Biziks0Thomas Schröder1Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Braunschweig, GermanyFederal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Department 714 Plant Health, Phytosanitary Matters in Export, Bonn, GermanyThe pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the most harmful plant parasitic nematode on trees in Asia and Europe and is the causal agent of the so-called pine wilt disease of susceptible conifer species, mainly Pinus spp. The disease has occurred only outside its natural range of distribution (North America) or on non-native pine species. In greenhouse trials using saplings, Pinus sylvestris was one of the most susceptible European pine species. To examine the significance of these sapling-based analyses concerning the population dynamics and pathogenicity for mature P. sylvestris trees, investigations using seven- to eight-year-old trees were carried out. The trees were artificially inoculated using a suspension of 10,000 B. xylophilus in 600 μl of tap water per tree. For the population dynamics investigation, the pines were divided into 48 segments for nematode extraction. The development of wilt symptoms as well as physiological changes were observed until tree death. During the population dynamics investigation, B. xylophilus was located at the inoculation site and in adjacent segments during the first 11 days after inoculation. On day 16, B. xylophilus was distributed throughout the entire stem, adjacent branch segments, root collar and roots before any external wilt symptoms appeared. With increasing pine wilt disease, B. xylophilus was finally found in all wood and root segments. High nematode densities appeared. Shortly before tree death, the treetop showed several nematode-free segments. The rest of the stem and adjacent branch segments and root collar were highly nematode-infested. During the pathogenicity investigation, all B. xylophilus-inoculated pines died within 84 days. The significant decline in the water potential in the needles was steeper and more strongly correlated with increasing wilt symptoms compared to a drought-stressed variant. However, the decline in the water potential in the needles started earlier in the drought-stressed pine variant. In conclusion, the population dynamics of B. xylophilus in seven- to eight-year-old P. sylvestris trees and the pathological reactions of the pines were comparable to those observed in assays with saplings, although delayed in reaching a population peak and developing wilt symptoms. Therefore, P. sylvestris saplings are good indicator trees for B. xylophilus population dynamics and pathogenicity investigations.https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/Kulturpflanzenjournal/article/view/12903Bursaphelenchus xylophiluspine wilt diseasenematode densitypathogenicityPinus sylvestrispopulation dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Hopf-Biziks Thomas Schröder Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em> Journal für Kulturpflanzen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus pine wilt disease nematode density pathogenicity Pinus sylvestris population dynamics |
| title | Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em> |
| title_full | Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em> |
| title_fullStr | Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em> |
| title_short | Population dynamics and pathogenicity of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> in seven- to eight-year-old Pinus <em>sylvestris trees</em> |
| title_sort | population dynamics and pathogenicity of em bursaphelenchus xylophilus em in seven to eight year old pinus em sylvestris trees em |
| topic | Bursaphelenchus xylophilus pine wilt disease nematode density pathogenicity Pinus sylvestris population dynamics |
| url | https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/Kulturpflanzenjournal/article/view/12903 |
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