Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia
Viral hepatitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Croatia, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are widely distributed, especially in some high-risk groups such as people who inject drugs (PWID), prisoners, and highly promiscuous groups. The seroprevalenc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/1/224 |
| _version_ | 1797439600456630272 |
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| author | Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej Thomas Ferenc Vladimir Savic Tatjana Nemeth-Blazic Mateja Vujica Ferenc Maja Bogdanic Maja Vilibic Bojana Simunov Natasa Janev-Holcer Pavle Jelicic Dominik Ljubas Tian Kosar Maja Ilic Jasmina Kucinar Ljubo Barbic Vladimir Stevanovic Anna Mrzljak |
| author_facet | Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej Thomas Ferenc Vladimir Savic Tatjana Nemeth-Blazic Mateja Vujica Ferenc Maja Bogdanic Maja Vilibic Bojana Simunov Natasa Janev-Holcer Pavle Jelicic Dominik Ljubas Tian Kosar Maja Ilic Jasmina Kucinar Ljubo Barbic Vladimir Stevanovic Anna Mrzljak |
| author_sort | Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral hepatitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Croatia, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are widely distributed, especially in some high-risk groups such as people who inject drugs (PWID), prisoners, and highly promiscuous groups. The seroprevalence of HBV ranges from 7.0% in the general population to 38.8% in PWID, depending on the region. The seroprevalence of HCV is highest among PWID (29–75.5%) as compared to 0.9% in the general population. Analyzing the distribution of HCV genotypes, no substantial changes in the molecular epidemiology of the two most frequent HCV genotypes (1 and 3) in the past 20 years were observed. However, the predominance of subtype 1b compared to subtype 1a as detected in 1996–2005 was not confirmed in 2008–2015. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence was high in the past with a decreasing trend since the 2000s, except for an outbreak in 2017–2018 as part of the large European outbreak, which was mainly among men who have sex with men. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging virus detected for the first time in Croatia in 2012. The seroprevalence of HEV is high among hemodialysis patients (27.9%) and liver transplant recipients (19.3–24.4%). In addition, higher seroprevalence rates were observed in animal-related professions (e.g., veterinarians, 15.2%; hunters, 14.9%). All detected HEV strains belonged to genotype 3. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:55:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49c62207d0a64883b2dbb225fb01b445 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:55:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-49c62207d0a64883b2dbb225fb01b4452023-11-30T23:09:42ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-01-0113122410.3390/life13010224Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in CroatiaTatjana Vilibic-Cavlek0Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej1Thomas Ferenc2Vladimir Savic3Tatjana Nemeth-Blazic4Mateja Vujica Ferenc5Maja Bogdanic6Maja Vilibic7Bojana Simunov8Natasa Janev-Holcer9Pavle Jelicic10Dominik Ljubas11Tian Kosar12Maja Ilic13Jasmina Kucinar14Ljubo Barbic15Vladimir Stevanovic16Anna Mrzljak17Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaClinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaPoultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Nephrology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaEnvironmental Health Department, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaEnvironmental Health Department, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMedical Centre Zagreb City Centre, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Microbiology, Istria County Institute of Public Health, 52100 Pula, CroatiaDepartment of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaSchool of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaViral hepatitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Croatia, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are widely distributed, especially in some high-risk groups such as people who inject drugs (PWID), prisoners, and highly promiscuous groups. The seroprevalence of HBV ranges from 7.0% in the general population to 38.8% in PWID, depending on the region. The seroprevalence of HCV is highest among PWID (29–75.5%) as compared to 0.9% in the general population. Analyzing the distribution of HCV genotypes, no substantial changes in the molecular epidemiology of the two most frequent HCV genotypes (1 and 3) in the past 20 years were observed. However, the predominance of subtype 1b compared to subtype 1a as detected in 1996–2005 was not confirmed in 2008–2015. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence was high in the past with a decreasing trend since the 2000s, except for an outbreak in 2017–2018 as part of the large European outbreak, which was mainly among men who have sex with men. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging virus detected for the first time in Croatia in 2012. The seroprevalence of HEV is high among hemodialysis patients (27.9%) and liver transplant recipients (19.3–24.4%). In addition, higher seroprevalence rates were observed in animal-related professions (e.g., veterinarians, 15.2%; hunters, 14.9%). All detected HEV strains belonged to genotype 3.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/1/224Hepatotropic viruses (A–E)seroprevalencemolecular epidemiologyCroatia |
| spellingShingle | Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej Thomas Ferenc Vladimir Savic Tatjana Nemeth-Blazic Mateja Vujica Ferenc Maja Bogdanic Maja Vilibic Bojana Simunov Natasa Janev-Holcer Pavle Jelicic Dominik Ljubas Tian Kosar Maja Ilic Jasmina Kucinar Ljubo Barbic Vladimir Stevanovic Anna Mrzljak Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia Life Hepatotropic viruses (A–E) seroprevalence molecular epidemiology Croatia |
| title | Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia |
| title_full | Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia |
| title_short | Seroprevalence Trends and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Croatia |
| title_sort | seroprevalence trends and molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis in croatia |
| topic | Hepatotropic viruses (A–E) seroprevalence molecular epidemiology Croatia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/1/224 |
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