Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage
Ancient pagodas are usually parts of hot tourist spots in many oriental countries due to their unique historical backgrounds. They are usually polygonal structures comprised by multiple floors, which are separated by eaves. In this paper, we propose a new method to investigate both the rotational an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1228 |
| _version_ | 1827601406634229760 |
|---|---|
| author | Ting On Chan Linyuan Xia Yimin Chen Wei Lang Tingting Chen Yeran Sun Jing Wang Qianxia Li Ruxu Du |
| author_facet | Ting On Chan Linyuan Xia Yimin Chen Wei Lang Tingting Chen Yeran Sun Jing Wang Qianxia Li Ruxu Du |
| author_sort | Ting On Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ancient pagodas are usually parts of hot tourist spots in many oriental countries due to their unique historical backgrounds. They are usually polygonal structures comprised by multiple floors, which are separated by eaves. In this paper, we propose a new method to investigate both the rotational and reflectional symmetry of such polygonal pagodas through developing novel geometric models to fit to the 3D point clouds obtained from photogrammetric reconstruction. The geometric model consists of multiple polygonal pyramid/prism models but has a common central axis. The method was verified by four datasets collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a hand-held digital camera. The results indicate that the models fit accurately to the pagodas’ point clouds. The symmetry was realized by rotating and reflecting the pagodas’ point clouds after a complete leveling of the point cloud was achieved using the estimated central axes. The results show that there are RMSEs of 5.04 cm and 5.20 cm deviated from the perfect (theoretical) rotational and reflectional symmetries, respectively. This concludes that the examined pagodas are highly symmetric, both rotationally and reflectionally. The concept presented in the paper not only work for polygonal pagodas, but it can also be readily transformed and implemented for other applications for other pagoda-like objects such as transmission towers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:56:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49c94a9a19554282aba71be22fcb6f67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:56:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-49c94a9a19554282aba71be22fcb6f672023-12-03T13:05:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-02-01214122810.3390/s21041228Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural HeritageTing On Chan0Linyuan Xia1Yimin Chen2Wei Lang3Tingting Chen4Yeran Sun5Jing Wang6Qianxia Li7Ruxu Du8School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaDepartment of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PP, UKSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaAncient pagodas are usually parts of hot tourist spots in many oriental countries due to their unique historical backgrounds. They are usually polygonal structures comprised by multiple floors, which are separated by eaves. In this paper, we propose a new method to investigate both the rotational and reflectional symmetry of such polygonal pagodas through developing novel geometric models to fit to the 3D point clouds obtained from photogrammetric reconstruction. The geometric model consists of multiple polygonal pyramid/prism models but has a common central axis. The method was verified by four datasets collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a hand-held digital camera. The results indicate that the models fit accurately to the pagodas’ point clouds. The symmetry was realized by rotating and reflecting the pagodas’ point clouds after a complete leveling of the point cloud was achieved using the estimated central axes. The results show that there are RMSEs of 5.04 cm and 5.20 cm deviated from the perfect (theoretical) rotational and reflectional symmetries, respectively. This concludes that the examined pagodas are highly symmetric, both rotationally and reflectionally. The concept presented in the paper not only work for polygonal pagodas, but it can also be readily transformed and implemented for other applications for other pagoda-like objects such as transmission towers.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1228symmetrypagodapolygonpoint cloudgeometric modeling |
| spellingShingle | Ting On Chan Linyuan Xia Yimin Chen Wei Lang Tingting Chen Yeran Sun Jing Wang Qianxia Li Ruxu Du Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage Sensors symmetry pagoda polygon point cloud geometric modeling |
| title | Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage |
| title_full | Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage |
| title_fullStr | Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage |
| title_short | Symmetry Analysis of Oriental Polygonal Pagodas Using 3D Point Clouds for Cultural Heritage |
| title_sort | symmetry analysis of oriental polygonal pagodas using 3d point clouds for cultural heritage |
| topic | symmetry pagoda polygon point cloud geometric modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1228 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tingonchan symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT linyuanxia symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT yiminchen symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT weilang symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT tingtingchen symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT yeransun symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT jingwang symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT qianxiali symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage AT ruxudu symmetryanalysisoforientalpolygonalpagodasusing3dpointcloudsforculturalheritage |