Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially intrahepatic CCA, is known to share several risk factors with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis has been proposed as a common pathogenic factor. We aimed to identify the risk factors of CCA and to examine differences in risk factors between CCA a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/7/1709 |
| _version_ | 1797440121823297536 |
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| author | In Rae Cho Sang-Wook Yi Ja Sung Choi Jee-Jeon Yi |
| author_facet | In Rae Cho Sang-Wook Yi Ja Sung Choi Jee-Jeon Yi |
| author_sort | In Rae Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially intrahepatic CCA, is known to share several risk factors with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis has been proposed as a common pathogenic factor. We aimed to identify the risk factors of CCA and to examine differences in risk factors between CCA and HCC. We followed 510,217 Korean adults who underwent health checkups during 2002–2003 until 2013 via linkage to national hospital discharge records. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated after adjustment for confounders. During the mean follow-up of 10.5 years, 1388 and 2920 individuals were diagnosed with CCA and HCC, respectively. Choledocholithiasis (HR = 13.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.58–24.88) was the strongest risk factor for CCA, followed by cholelithiasis (HR = 2.94) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HR = 2.71). Two of the strongest risk factors for HCC—liver cirrhosis (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.48–3.45) and hepatitis C virus infection (HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 0.49–7.63)—were not significantly associated with the risk of CCA. HBV infection and diabetes increased the risk of both HCC and CCA, but the HRs were lower for CCA than for HCC (<i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> < 0.001 for HBV; <i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.001 for diabetes). The magnitudes of the effects of age, sex, obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking on the development of both cancers were different (<i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> < 0.05 for each variable). In conclusion, choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, HBV, older age, male sex, diabetes, smoking, alcohol drinking, and obesity were found to be potential risk factors of CCA. Liver cirrhosis did not increase the risk of CCA. The magnitudes of the potential effects of common risk factors were generally different between CCA and HCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:03:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49d468072fca403c8de2f8ce04788bcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:03:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-49d468072fca403c8de2f8ce04788bcf2023-11-30T23:00:57ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-03-01147170910.3390/cancers14071709Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean AdultsIn Rae Cho0Sang-Wook Yi1Ja Sung Choi2Jee-Jeon Yi3Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, KoreaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Bumil-ro 579 beon-gil 24, Gangneung 25601, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, 25 Simgok-ro 100 beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon 22711, KoreaInstitute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Catholic Kwandong University, Bumil-ro 579 beon-gil 24, Gangneung 25601, KoreaCholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially intrahepatic CCA, is known to share several risk factors with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis has been proposed as a common pathogenic factor. We aimed to identify the risk factors of CCA and to examine differences in risk factors between CCA and HCC. We followed 510,217 Korean adults who underwent health checkups during 2002–2003 until 2013 via linkage to national hospital discharge records. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated after adjustment for confounders. During the mean follow-up of 10.5 years, 1388 and 2920 individuals were diagnosed with CCA and HCC, respectively. Choledocholithiasis (HR = 13.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.58–24.88) was the strongest risk factor for CCA, followed by cholelithiasis (HR = 2.94) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HR = 2.71). Two of the strongest risk factors for HCC—liver cirrhosis (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.48–3.45) and hepatitis C virus infection (HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 0.49–7.63)—were not significantly associated with the risk of CCA. HBV infection and diabetes increased the risk of both HCC and CCA, but the HRs were lower for CCA than for HCC (<i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> < 0.001 for HBV; <i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> = 0.001 for diabetes). The magnitudes of the effects of age, sex, obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking on the development of both cancers were different (<i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> < 0.05 for each variable). In conclusion, choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, HBV, older age, male sex, diabetes, smoking, alcohol drinking, and obesity were found to be potential risk factors of CCA. Liver cirrhosis did not increase the risk of CCA. The magnitudes of the potential effects of common risk factors were generally different between CCA and HCC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/7/1709cholangiocarcinomahepatocellular carcinomarisk factorliver cirrhosis |
| spellingShingle | In Rae Cho Sang-Wook Yi Ja Sung Choi Jee-Jeon Yi Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults Cancers cholangiocarcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor liver cirrhosis |
| title | Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults |
| title_full | Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults |
| title_short | Comparison of Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korean Adults |
| title_sort | comparison of risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma a prospective cohort study in korean adults |
| topic | cholangiocarcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor liver cirrhosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/7/1709 |
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