The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum
Abstract Naturally occurring human infections by zoonotic Plasmodium species have been documented for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, P. simiovale, P. inui, P. inui-like, P. coatneyi, and P. brasilianum. Accurate detection of each species is complicated by their morphological similarities with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20706-6 |
| _version_ | 1797983887588065280 |
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| author | Marko Bajic Shashidhar Ravishankar Mili Sheth Lori A. Rowe M. Andreina Pacheco Dhruviben S. Patel Dhwani Batra Vladimir Loparev Christian Olsen Ananias A. Escalante Fredrik Vannberg Venkatachalam Udhayakumar John W. Barnwell Eldin Talundzic |
| author_facet | Marko Bajic Shashidhar Ravishankar Mili Sheth Lori A. Rowe M. Andreina Pacheco Dhruviben S. Patel Dhwani Batra Vladimir Loparev Christian Olsen Ananias A. Escalante Fredrik Vannberg Venkatachalam Udhayakumar John W. Barnwell Eldin Talundzic |
| author_sort | Marko Bajic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Naturally occurring human infections by zoonotic Plasmodium species have been documented for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, P. simiovale, P. inui, P. inui-like, P. coatneyi, and P. brasilianum. Accurate detection of each species is complicated by their morphological similarities with other Plasmodium species. PCR-based assays offer a solution but require prior knowledge of adequate genomic targets that can distinguish the species. While whole genomes have been published for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, and P. inui, no complete genome for P. brasilianum has been available. Previously, we reported a draft genome for P. brasilianum, and here we report the completed genome for P. brasilianum. The genome is 31.4 Mb in size and comprises 14 chromosomes, the mitochondrial genome, the apicoplast genome, and 29 unplaced contigs. The chromosomes consist of 98.4% nucleotide sites that are identical to the P. malariae genome, the closest evolutionarily related species hypothesized to be the same species as P. brasilianum, with 41,125 non-synonymous SNPs (0.0722% of genome) identified between the two genomes. Furthermore, P. brasilianum had 4864 (82.1%) genes that share 80% or higher sequence similarity with 4970 (75.5%) P. malariae genes. This was demonstrated by the nearly identical genomic organization and multiple sequence alignments for the merozoite surface proteins msp3 and msp7. We observed a distinction in the repeat lengths of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) gene sequences between P. brasilianum and P. malariae. Our results demonstrate a 97.3% pairwise identity between the P. brasilianum and the P. malariae genomes. These findings highlight the phylogenetic proximity of these two species, suggesting that P. malariae and P. brasilianum are strains of the same species, but this could not be fully evaluated with only a single genomic sequence for each species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:54:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49e6d9600b2a433aaac9ddcf2a772690 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:54:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-49e6d9600b2a433aaac9ddcf2a7726902022-12-22T04:39:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-0112111310.1038/s41598-022-20706-6The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianumMarko Bajic0Shashidhar Ravishankar1Mili Sheth2Lori A. Rowe3M. Andreina Pacheco4Dhruviben S. Patel5Dhwani Batra6Vladimir Loparev7Christian Olsen8Ananias A. Escalante9Fredrik Vannberg10Venkatachalam Udhayakumar11John W. Barnwell12Eldin Talundzic13Association of Public Health LaboratoriesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterBiotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBiotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBiology Department/Institute of Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple UniversityMalaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBiotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBiotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMalaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBiology Department/Institute of Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple UniversityCenter for Integrative Genomics at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of TechnologyMalaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMalaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMalaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract Naturally occurring human infections by zoonotic Plasmodium species have been documented for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, P. simiovale, P. inui, P. inui-like, P. coatneyi, and P. brasilianum. Accurate detection of each species is complicated by their morphological similarities with other Plasmodium species. PCR-based assays offer a solution but require prior knowledge of adequate genomic targets that can distinguish the species. While whole genomes have been published for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, and P. inui, no complete genome for P. brasilianum has been available. Previously, we reported a draft genome for P. brasilianum, and here we report the completed genome for P. brasilianum. The genome is 31.4 Mb in size and comprises 14 chromosomes, the mitochondrial genome, the apicoplast genome, and 29 unplaced contigs. The chromosomes consist of 98.4% nucleotide sites that are identical to the P. malariae genome, the closest evolutionarily related species hypothesized to be the same species as P. brasilianum, with 41,125 non-synonymous SNPs (0.0722% of genome) identified between the two genomes. Furthermore, P. brasilianum had 4864 (82.1%) genes that share 80% or higher sequence similarity with 4970 (75.5%) P. malariae genes. This was demonstrated by the nearly identical genomic organization and multiple sequence alignments for the merozoite surface proteins msp3 and msp7. We observed a distinction in the repeat lengths of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) gene sequences between P. brasilianum and P. malariae. Our results demonstrate a 97.3% pairwise identity between the P. brasilianum and the P. malariae genomes. These findings highlight the phylogenetic proximity of these two species, suggesting that P. malariae and P. brasilianum are strains of the same species, but this could not be fully evaluated with only a single genomic sequence for each species.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20706-6 |
| spellingShingle | Marko Bajic Shashidhar Ravishankar Mili Sheth Lori A. Rowe M. Andreina Pacheco Dhruviben S. Patel Dhwani Batra Vladimir Loparev Christian Olsen Ananias A. Escalante Fredrik Vannberg Venkatachalam Udhayakumar John W. Barnwell Eldin Talundzic The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum Scientific Reports |
| title | The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum |
| title_full | The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum |
| title_fullStr | The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum |
| title_full_unstemmed | The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum |
| title_short | The first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium brasilianum |
| title_sort | first complete genome of the simian malaria parasite plasmodium brasilianum |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20706-6 |
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