Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and syn...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/1/378 |
| _version_ | 1797406631531642880 |
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| author | Mubashir Hassan Saba Shahzadi Andrzej Kloczkowski |
| author_facet | Mubashir Hassan Saba Shahzadi Andrzej Kloczkowski |
| author_sort | Mubashir Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin—a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin—a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC<sub>50</sub>. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with increased efficiency and safety in the near future, with many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:29:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49ea5d9c3bb24cf29256c98607bda1c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:29:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-49ea5d9c3bb24cf29256c98607bda1c42023-12-03T14:57:46ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-0128137810.3390/molecules28010378Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A ReviewMubashir Hassan0Saba Shahzadi1Andrzej Kloczkowski2The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USAThe Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USAThe Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USATyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin—a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin—a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC<sub>50</sub>. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with increased efficiency and safety in the near future, with many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/1/378melanogenesismelaninsynthetic inhibitorschemical compoundsanti-tyrosinase agents |
| spellingShingle | Mubashir Hassan Saba Shahzadi Andrzej Kloczkowski Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review Molecules melanogenesis melanin synthetic inhibitors chemical compounds anti-tyrosinase agents |
| title | Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review |
| title_full | Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review |
| title_short | Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review |
| title_sort | tyrosinase inhibitors naturally present in plants and synthetic modifications of these natural products as anti melanogenic agents a review |
| topic | melanogenesis melanin synthetic inhibitors chemical compounds anti-tyrosinase agents |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/1/378 |
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