Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed
Understanding land use practice induced increases in <i>Escherichia (E.) coli</i> and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations is necessary to improve water quality. Weekly stream water samples were collected from 22 stream gauging sites with varying land use practices in a repr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1228 |
| _version_ | 1797569631339151360 |
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| author | Fritz Petersen Jason A. Hubbart |
| author_facet | Fritz Petersen Jason A. Hubbart |
| author_sort | Fritz Petersen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding land use practice induced increases in <i>Escherichia (E.) coli</i> and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations is necessary to improve water quality. Weekly stream water samples were collected from 22 stream gauging sites with varying land use practices in a representative contemporary mixed-land use watershed of the eastern USA. Over the period of one annual year, <i>Escherichia (E.) coli</i> colony forming units (CFU per 100 mL) were compared to suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations (mg/L) and land use practices. Agricultural land use sub-catchments comprised elevated <i>E. coli</i> concentrations (avg. 560 CFU per 100 mL) compared to proximate mixed development (avg. 330 CFU per 100 mL) and forested (avg. 206 CFU per 100 mL) sub-catchments. Additionally, agricultural land use showed statistically significant relationships (<i>p</i> < 0.01) between annual <i>E. coli</i> and SPM concentration data. Quarterly PCA biplots displayed temporal variability in land use impacts on <i>E. coli</i> and SPM concentrations, with agricultural land use being closely correlated with both pollutants during Quarters 2 and 3 but not Quarters 1 and 4. The data collected during this investigation advance the understanding of land use impacts on fecal contamination in receiving waters, thereby informing land use managers on the best management practices to reduce exposure risks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:14:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49eabf2cf00d4769b0321b10174dca17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:14:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-49eabf2cf00d4769b0321b10174dca172023-11-19T22:41:35ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-04-01125122810.3390/w12051228Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary WatershedFritz Petersen0Jason A. Hubbart1Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV 26506, USADivision of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV 26506, USAUnderstanding land use practice induced increases in <i>Escherichia (E.) coli</i> and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations is necessary to improve water quality. Weekly stream water samples were collected from 22 stream gauging sites with varying land use practices in a representative contemporary mixed-land use watershed of the eastern USA. Over the period of one annual year, <i>Escherichia (E.) coli</i> colony forming units (CFU per 100 mL) were compared to suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations (mg/L) and land use practices. Agricultural land use sub-catchments comprised elevated <i>E. coli</i> concentrations (avg. 560 CFU per 100 mL) compared to proximate mixed development (avg. 330 CFU per 100 mL) and forested (avg. 206 CFU per 100 mL) sub-catchments. Additionally, agricultural land use showed statistically significant relationships (<i>p</i> < 0.01) between annual <i>E. coli</i> and SPM concentration data. Quarterly PCA biplots displayed temporal variability in land use impacts on <i>E. coli</i> and SPM concentrations, with agricultural land use being closely correlated with both pollutants during Quarters 2 and 3 but not Quarters 1 and 4. The data collected during this investigation advance the understanding of land use impacts on fecal contamination in receiving waters, thereby informing land use managers on the best management practices to reduce exposure risks.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1228<i>Escherichia coli</i>suspended particulate matterwater qualityland use practicesexperimental watershed |
| spellingShingle | Fritz Petersen Jason A. Hubbart Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed Water <i>Escherichia coli</i> suspended particulate matter water quality land use practices experimental watershed |
| title | Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed |
| title_full | Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed |
| title_fullStr | Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed |
| title_short | Spatial and Temporal Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Suspended Particulate Matter and Land Use Practice Relationships in a Mixed-Land Use Contemporary Watershed |
| title_sort | spatial and temporal characterization of i escherichia coli i suspended particulate matter and land use practice relationships in a mixed land use contemporary watershed |
| topic | <i>Escherichia coli</i> suspended particulate matter water quality land use practices experimental watershed |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1228 |
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