How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue
Biological activity and bioactive compound content in sea cucumbers was assessed, considering <i>Parastichopus regalis</i>, <i>Holothuria mammata</i>, <i>Holothuria forskali</i>, and <i>Holothuria arguinensis</i> as species and intestine, muscle band,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/35 |
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| author | Sabrina Sales Helena M. Lourenço Narcisa M. Bandarra Cláudia Afonso Joana Matos Maria João Botelho Maria Fernanda Pessoa Pedro M. Félix Arthur Veronez Carlos Cardoso |
| author_facet | Sabrina Sales Helena M. Lourenço Narcisa M. Bandarra Cláudia Afonso Joana Matos Maria João Botelho Maria Fernanda Pessoa Pedro M. Félix Arthur Veronez Carlos Cardoso |
| author_sort | Sabrina Sales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biological activity and bioactive compound content in sea cucumbers was assessed, considering <i>Parastichopus regalis</i>, <i>Holothuria mammata</i>, <i>Holothuria forskali</i>, and <i>Holothuria arguinensis</i> as species and intestine, muscle band, respiratory tree, body wall, and gonads as tissues. <i>P. regalis</i> had the lowest content in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in contrast to <i>Holothuria</i> species. In the respiratory tree, the highest phenolic concentration was recorded in <i>H. arguinensis</i>, 76.4 ± 1.2 mg GAE/100 g dw vs. 21.0–49.0 mg GAE/100 g dw in the other species. <i>H. arguinensis</i> had the highest DPPH and FRAP results in the gonads, 13.6 ± 0.7 mg AAE/100 g dw vs. 2.6–3.5 mg AAE/100 g dw and 27.1 ± 0.3 μmol Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g dw vs. 8.0–15.9 μmol Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g dw, respectively. Overall, <i>P. regalis</i> biomass presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity levels and <i>H. arguinensis</i> the lowest anti-inflammatory levels. The respiratory tree was the most anti-inflammatory (measured by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) tissue in <i>H. mammata</i> and <i>H. forskali</i> (also the muscle band in this case), 76.3 ± 6.3% and 59.5 ± 3.6% COX-2 inhibition in 1 mg/mL aqueous extracts, respectively. The results demonstrated a variable bioactive potential and advantage in targeting antioxidant properties in the muscle band and anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory tree, which may constitute a starting point for a biorefinery approach envisaging multiple applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:07:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49eff8c864e340baa3a4acdc8318a6ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:07:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-49eff8c864e340baa3a4acdc8318a6ea2024-01-10T14:56:40ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-12-011313510.3390/foods13010035How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and TissueSabrina Sales0Helena M. Lourenço1Narcisa M. Bandarra2Cláudia Afonso3Joana Matos4Maria João Botelho5Maria Fernanda Pessoa6Pedro M. Félix7Arthur Veronez8Carlos Cardoso9Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, PortugalDivision of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, PortugalDivision of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, PortugalDivision of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, PortugalDivision of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, PortugalDivision of Oceanography and Marine Environment (DivOA), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), 1495-165 Lisbon, PortugalGeoBioTec, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (UNL), Largo da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-017 Lisbon, PortugalCentre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalDivision of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, PortugalBiological activity and bioactive compound content in sea cucumbers was assessed, considering <i>Parastichopus regalis</i>, <i>Holothuria mammata</i>, <i>Holothuria forskali</i>, and <i>Holothuria arguinensis</i> as species and intestine, muscle band, respiratory tree, body wall, and gonads as tissues. <i>P. regalis</i> had the lowest content in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in contrast to <i>Holothuria</i> species. In the respiratory tree, the highest phenolic concentration was recorded in <i>H. arguinensis</i>, 76.4 ± 1.2 mg GAE/100 g dw vs. 21.0–49.0 mg GAE/100 g dw in the other species. <i>H. arguinensis</i> had the highest DPPH and FRAP results in the gonads, 13.6 ± 0.7 mg AAE/100 g dw vs. 2.6–3.5 mg AAE/100 g dw and 27.1 ± 0.3 μmol Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g dw vs. 8.0–15.9 μmol Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g dw, respectively. Overall, <i>P. regalis</i> biomass presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity levels and <i>H. arguinensis</i> the lowest anti-inflammatory levels. The respiratory tree was the most anti-inflammatory (measured by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) tissue in <i>H. mammata</i> and <i>H. forskali</i> (also the muscle band in this case), 76.3 ± 6.3% and 59.5 ± 3.6% COX-2 inhibition in 1 mg/mL aqueous extracts, respectively. The results demonstrated a variable bioactive potential and advantage in targeting antioxidant properties in the muscle band and anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory tree, which may constitute a starting point for a biorefinery approach envisaging multiple applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/35holothuriansaqueous extractsbioactive contentantioxidantanti-inflammatory |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Sales Helena M. Lourenço Narcisa M. Bandarra Cláudia Afonso Joana Matos Maria João Botelho Maria Fernanda Pessoa Pedro M. Félix Arthur Veronez Carlos Cardoso How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue Foods holothurians aqueous extracts bioactive content antioxidant anti-inflammatory |
| title | How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue |
| title_full | How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue |
| title_fullStr | How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue |
| title_short | How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue |
| title_sort | how biological activity in sea cucumbers changes as a function of species and tissue |
| topic | holothurians aqueous extracts bioactive content antioxidant anti-inflammatory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/35 |
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