Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of stevia residues in high-fiber diets on the fecal microorganisms of pregnant sows. Forty-eight first-farrowing Danish Landrace sows with similar weight, age, and due date were randomly divided into four groups. The con...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2247 |
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| author | Miao Yu Tie Gao Zhen Liu Xinping Diao |
| author_facet | Miao Yu Tie Gao Zhen Liu Xinping Diao |
| author_sort | Miao Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of stevia residues in high-fiber diets on the fecal microorganisms of pregnant sows. Forty-eight first-farrowing Danish Landrace sows with similar weight, age, and due date were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was fed a normal diet (CON; 3.15% crude fiber content), and the treatment groups were supplemented with 20% stevia residue (SRL), 30% stevia residue (SRM), or 40% stevia residue (SRH) stevia residue, with crude fiber content of 7.79%, 9.15%, and 10.68%, respectively. The test period was 135 days, and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to test the fecal bacteria of the pregnant sows on day 56. Compared to the control group, species diversity was greater in the 30% stevia residue group. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Spirochaetes had the greatest relative abundances; Firmicutes was most abundant in the SRM group, and Spirochaetes was most abundant in the CON group. At the genus level, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i>, and <i>Treponema_2</i> had the highest relative abundances in the stevia-residue treatments. Among them, <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Treponema_2</i> were more abundant in SRL, <i>Streptococcus</i> was more abundant in SRH, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i> was more abundant in SRM. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that the bacterial species differed among the stevia residue treatments. SRL mainly included <i>g__Lactobacillus</i> and <i>g__Romboutsi</i>, SRM mainly included <i>g__Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i> and <i>g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014</i>, SRH mainly included <i>g__Streptococcus</i>, and CON mainly included <i>g__Treponema_2</i>, <i>f__Clostridiaceae_1</i>, <i>g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae</i>, and <i>g__norank_f__p_251_o5</i>. Stevia-residue supplementation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as <i>g__Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i>, <i>g__Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, and <i>g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and significantly reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as <i>Treponema_2</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, the stevia-residues treatment groups reduced the feed cost 8.33%, 12.50%, and 13.33% per sow per day, respectively. In conclusion, high-fiber diets can improve the intestinal balance and evenness index of the intestinal flora in pregnant sows, promote the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, reduce the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, and reduce feed cost. The optimal supplementation level of the stevia residue was found to be 30%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:06Z |
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| id | doaj.art-49f4f50655b44ebb80de14f4936f2956 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-49f4f50655b44ebb80de14f4936f29562023-11-20T22:57:57ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-11-011012224710.3390/ani10122247Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant SowsMiao Yu0Tie Gao1Zhen Liu2Xinping Diao3College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of stevia residues in high-fiber diets on the fecal microorganisms of pregnant sows. Forty-eight first-farrowing Danish Landrace sows with similar weight, age, and due date were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was fed a normal diet (CON; 3.15% crude fiber content), and the treatment groups were supplemented with 20% stevia residue (SRL), 30% stevia residue (SRM), or 40% stevia residue (SRH) stevia residue, with crude fiber content of 7.79%, 9.15%, and 10.68%, respectively. The test period was 135 days, and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to test the fecal bacteria of the pregnant sows on day 56. Compared to the control group, species diversity was greater in the 30% stevia residue group. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Spirochaetes had the greatest relative abundances; Firmicutes was most abundant in the SRM group, and Spirochaetes was most abundant in the CON group. At the genus level, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i>, and <i>Treponema_2</i> had the highest relative abundances in the stevia-residue treatments. Among them, <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Treponema_2</i> were more abundant in SRL, <i>Streptococcus</i> was more abundant in SRH, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i> was more abundant in SRM. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that the bacterial species differed among the stevia residue treatments. SRL mainly included <i>g__Lactobacillus</i> and <i>g__Romboutsi</i>, SRM mainly included <i>g__Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i> and <i>g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014</i>, SRH mainly included <i>g__Streptococcus</i>, and CON mainly included <i>g__Treponema_2</i>, <i>f__Clostridiaceae_1</i>, <i>g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae</i>, and <i>g__norank_f__p_251_o5</i>. Stevia-residue supplementation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as <i>g__Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group</i>, <i>g__Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, and <i>g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and significantly reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as <i>Treponema_2</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, the stevia-residues treatment groups reduced the feed cost 8.33%, 12.50%, and 13.33% per sow per day, respectively. In conclusion, high-fiber diets can improve the intestinal balance and evenness index of the intestinal flora in pregnant sows, promote the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, reduce the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, and reduce feed cost. The optimal supplementation level of the stevia residue was found to be 30%.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2247high-fiber dietsstevia residuepregnant sowsfecal flora |
| spellingShingle | Miao Yu Tie Gao Zhen Liu Xinping Diao Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows Animals high-fiber diets stevia residue pregnant sows fecal flora |
| title | Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows |
| title_full | Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows |
| title_short | Effects of Dietary Supplementation with High Fiber (Stevia Residue) on the Fecal Flora of Pregnant Sows |
| title_sort | effects of dietary supplementation with high fiber stevia residue on the fecal flora of pregnant sows |
| topic | high-fiber diets stevia residue pregnant sows fecal flora |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2247 |
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