Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids
Plasma is defined as the fourth state of matter, and non-thermal plasma can be produced at atmospheric pressure under a high electrical field. The strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect of plasma-activated liquids (PALs) is now well known. The antimicrobial effects of PALs depend on many dif...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Machine Learning: Science and Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/acc1c0 |
| _version_ | 1797844593264295936 |
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| author | Mehmet Akif Özdemir Gizem Dilara Özdemir Merve Gül Onan Güren Utku Kürşat Ercan |
| author_facet | Mehmet Akif Özdemir Gizem Dilara Özdemir Merve Gül Onan Güren Utku Kürşat Ercan |
| author_sort | Mehmet Akif Özdemir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plasma is defined as the fourth state of matter, and non-thermal plasma can be produced at atmospheric pressure under a high electrical field. The strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect of plasma-activated liquids (PALs) is now well known. The antimicrobial effects of PALs depend on many different variables, which complicates the comparison of different studies and determining the most dominant parameters for the antimicrobial effect. The proven applicability of machine learning (ML) in the medical field is encouraging for its application in the field of plasma medicine as well. Thus, ML applications on PALs could present a new perspective to better understand the influences of various parameters on their antimicrobial effects. In this paper, comparative supervised ML models are presented by using previously obtained data to predict the in vitro antimicrobial activity of PALs. A comprehensive literature search was performed, and 12 distinct features related to PAL-microorganism interactions were collected from 33 relevant articles to automatically predict the antimicrobial activity of PALs. After the required normalization, feature encoding, and resampling steps, two supervised ML methods, namely classification and regression, are applied to the data to obtain microbial inactivation (MI) predictions. For classification, MI is labeled in four categories, and for regression, MI is used as a continuous variable. Sixteen different classifiers and 14 regressors are implemented to predict the MI value. Two different robust cross-validation strategies are conducted for classification and regression models to evaluate the proposed method: repeated stratified k -fold cross-validation and k -fold cross-validation, respectively. We also investigate the effect of different features on models. The results demonstrated that the hyperparameter-optimized Random Forest Classifier (oRFC) and Random Forest Regressor (oRFR) provided superior performance compared to other models for classification and regression. Finally, the best test accuracy of 82.68% for oRFC and R ^2 of 0.75 for the oRFR are obtained. Furthermore, the determined most important features of predictive models are in line with the outcomes of PALs reported in the literature. An ML framework can accurately predict the antimicrobial activity of PALs without the need for any experimental studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of PALs with ML. Furthermore, ML techniques could contribute to a better understanding of plasma parameters that have a dominant role in the desired antimicrobial effect. Moreover, such findings may contribute to the definition of a plasma dose in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:25:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49f8f0e3331b43aeba21bf13bdc2a9c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2632-2153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:25:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Machine Learning: Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-49f8f0e3331b43aeba21bf13bdc2a9c12023-04-18T13:51:30ZengIOP PublishingMachine Learning: Science and Technology2632-21532023-01-014101503010.1088/2632-2153/acc1c0Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquidsMehmet Akif Özdemir0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-113XGizem Dilara Özdemir1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-3733Merve Gül2Onan Güren3Utku Kürşat Ercan4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-2265Department of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, TurkeyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, TurkeyDepartment of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, TurkeyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, TurkeyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Cigli 35620, Izmir, TurkeyPlasma is defined as the fourth state of matter, and non-thermal plasma can be produced at atmospheric pressure under a high electrical field. The strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect of plasma-activated liquids (PALs) is now well known. The antimicrobial effects of PALs depend on many different variables, which complicates the comparison of different studies and determining the most dominant parameters for the antimicrobial effect. The proven applicability of machine learning (ML) in the medical field is encouraging for its application in the field of plasma medicine as well. Thus, ML applications on PALs could present a new perspective to better understand the influences of various parameters on their antimicrobial effects. In this paper, comparative supervised ML models are presented by using previously obtained data to predict the in vitro antimicrobial activity of PALs. A comprehensive literature search was performed, and 12 distinct features related to PAL-microorganism interactions were collected from 33 relevant articles to automatically predict the antimicrobial activity of PALs. After the required normalization, feature encoding, and resampling steps, two supervised ML methods, namely classification and regression, are applied to the data to obtain microbial inactivation (MI) predictions. For classification, MI is labeled in four categories, and for regression, MI is used as a continuous variable. Sixteen different classifiers and 14 regressors are implemented to predict the MI value. Two different robust cross-validation strategies are conducted for classification and regression models to evaluate the proposed method: repeated stratified k -fold cross-validation and k -fold cross-validation, respectively. We also investigate the effect of different features on models. The results demonstrated that the hyperparameter-optimized Random Forest Classifier (oRFC) and Random Forest Regressor (oRFR) provided superior performance compared to other models for classification and regression. Finally, the best test accuracy of 82.68% for oRFC and R ^2 of 0.75 for the oRFR are obtained. Furthermore, the determined most important features of predictive models are in line with the outcomes of PALs reported in the literature. An ML framework can accurately predict the antimicrobial activity of PALs without the need for any experimental studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of PALs with ML. Furthermore, ML techniques could contribute to a better understanding of plasma parameters that have a dominant role in the desired antimicrobial effect. Moreover, such findings may contribute to the definition of a plasma dose in the future.https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/acc1c0plasma medicineplasma-activated liquidscold atmospheric plasmaantimicrobial activitymachine learningartificial intelligence |
| spellingShingle | Mehmet Akif Özdemir Gizem Dilara Özdemir Merve Gül Onan Güren Utku Kürşat Ercan Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids Machine Learning: Science and Technology plasma medicine plasma-activated liquids cold atmospheric plasma antimicrobial activity machine learning artificial intelligence |
| title | Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids |
| title_full | Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids |
| title_fullStr | Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids |
| title_short | Machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids |
| title_sort | machine learning to predict the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric plasma activated liquids |
| topic | plasma medicine plasma-activated liquids cold atmospheric plasma antimicrobial activity machine learning artificial intelligence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/acc1c0 |
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