An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter
Optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are prone to measurement errors if the cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain is not properly considered. This paper describes a self-compensated technique for canceling the undesired influence of temperature in strain measurement....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5828 |
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| author | Mariana L. Silveira Helder R. O. Rocha Paulo F. C. Antunes Paulo S. B. André Marcelo E. V. Segatto Anselmo Frizera Camilo A. R. Díaz |
| author_facet | Mariana L. Silveira Helder R. O. Rocha Paulo F. C. Antunes Paulo S. B. André Marcelo E. V. Segatto Anselmo Frizera Camilo A. R. Díaz |
| author_sort | Mariana L. Silveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are prone to measurement errors if the cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain is not properly considered. This paper describes a self-compensated technique for canceling the undesired influence of temperature in strain measurement. An edge-filter-based interrogator is proposed and the central peaks of two FBGs (sensor and reference) are matched with the positive and negative slopes of a Fabry–Perot interferometer that acts as an optical filter. A tuning process performed by the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is required to determine the optimal spectral characteristics of each FBG. The interrogation range is not compromised by the proposed technique, being determined by the spectral characteristics of the optical filter in accordance with the traditional edge-filtering interrogation. Simulations show that, by employing FBGs with optimal characteristics, temperature variations of 30 °C led to an average relative error of 3.4% for strain measurements up to 700μ<i>ϵ</i>. The proposed technique was experimentally tested under non-ideal conditions: two FBGs with spectral characteristics different from the optimized results were used. The temperature sensibility decreased by 50.8% as compared to a temperature uncompensated interrogation system based on an edge filter. The non-ideal experimental conditions were simulated and the maximum error between theoretical and experimental data was 5.79%, proving that the results from simulation and experimentation are compatible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:03:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-49fac8193fe0498d8b9c08dc18797734 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:03:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-49fac8193fe0498d8b9c08dc187977342023-11-22T11:13:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-08-012117582810.3390/s21175828An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge FilterMariana L. Silveira0Helder R. O. Rocha1Paulo F. C. Antunes2Paulo S. B. André3Marcelo E. V. Segatto4Anselmo Frizera5Camilo A. R. Díaz6Telecommunications Laboratory LABTEL, Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, BrazilTelecommunications Laboratory LABTEL, Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, BrazilI3N & Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalTelecommunications Laboratory LABTEL, Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, BrazilTelecommunications Laboratory LABTEL, Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, BrazilTelecommunications Laboratory LABTEL, Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, BrazilOptical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are prone to measurement errors if the cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain is not properly considered. This paper describes a self-compensated technique for canceling the undesired influence of temperature in strain measurement. An edge-filter-based interrogator is proposed and the central peaks of two FBGs (sensor and reference) are matched with the positive and negative slopes of a Fabry–Perot interferometer that acts as an optical filter. A tuning process performed by the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is required to determine the optimal spectral characteristics of each FBG. The interrogation range is not compromised by the proposed technique, being determined by the spectral characteristics of the optical filter in accordance with the traditional edge-filtering interrogation. Simulations show that, by employing FBGs with optimal characteristics, temperature variations of 30 °C led to an average relative error of 3.4% for strain measurements up to 700μ<i>ϵ</i>. The proposed technique was experimentally tested under non-ideal conditions: two FBGs with spectral characteristics different from the optimized results were used. The temperature sensibility decreased by 50.8% as compared to a temperature uncompensated interrogation system based on an edge filter. The non-ideal experimental conditions were simulated and the maximum error between theoretical and experimental data was 5.79%, proving that the results from simulation and experimentation are compatible.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5828fiber optical sensorsfiber Bragg gratingsedge filtertemperature cross-sensitivitygrey wolf optimization algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Mariana L. Silveira Helder R. O. Rocha Paulo F. C. Antunes Paulo S. B. André Marcelo E. V. Segatto Anselmo Frizera Camilo A. R. Díaz An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter Sensors fiber optical sensors fiber Bragg gratings edge filter temperature cross-sensitivity grey wolf optimization algorithm |
| title | An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter |
| title_full | An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter |
| title_fullStr | An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter |
| title_short | An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter |
| title_sort | optimized self compensated solution for temperature and strain cross sensitivity in fbg interrogators based on edge filter |
| topic | fiber optical sensors fiber Bragg gratings edge filter temperature cross-sensitivity grey wolf optimization algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5828 |
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