A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway
<i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> (<i>O. gracilis</i>) is a parasitic fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine and functional foods. In this study, a neutral heteropolysaccharide (GSP-1a) was isolated from spores of <i>O. gracilis</i>, and its structure and antiox...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Yue Wang Shixiang Wei Hui Lian Lingling Tong Linhui Yang Bo Ren Dongsheng Guo He Huang |
| author_facet | Yue Wang Shixiang Wei Hui Lian Lingling Tong Linhui Yang Bo Ren Dongsheng Guo He Huang |
| author_sort | Yue Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> (<i>O. gracilis</i>) is a parasitic fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine and functional foods. In this study, a neutral heteropolysaccharide (GSP-1a) was isolated from spores of <i>O. gracilis</i>, and its structure and antioxidant capacities were investigated. GSP-1a was found to have a molecular weight of 72.8 kDa and primarily consisted of mannose (42.28%), galactose (35.7%), and glucose (22.02%). The backbone of GSP-1a was composed of various sugar residues, including →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →3,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, with some branches consisting of →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ and α-D-Gal-(1→. In vitro, antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that GSP-1a exhibited scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical (<sup>•</sup>OH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS<sup>•+</sup>), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH<sup>•</sup>). Moreover, GSP-1a was found to alleviate H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, GSP-1a upregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as <i>Ho-1</i>, <i>Gclm</i>, and <i>Nqo1</i>, and regulated the NRF2/KEAP1 and FNIP1/FEM1B pathways. The findings elucidated the structural types of GSP-1a and provided a reliable theoretical basis for its usage as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicine. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:42:37Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-49fe86a3e9684b50bd206c76c2cdf0062023-11-19T14:30:42ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124191472110.3390/ijms241914721A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 PathwayYue Wang0Shixiang Wei1Hui Lian2Lingling Tong3Linhui Yang4Bo Ren5Dongsheng Guo6He Huang7School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wen Yuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China<i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> (<i>O. gracilis</i>) is a parasitic fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine and functional foods. In this study, a neutral heteropolysaccharide (GSP-1a) was isolated from spores of <i>O. gracilis</i>, and its structure and antioxidant capacities were investigated. GSP-1a was found to have a molecular weight of 72.8 kDa and primarily consisted of mannose (42.28%), galactose (35.7%), and glucose (22.02%). The backbone of GSP-1a was composed of various sugar residues, including →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →3,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, with some branches consisting of →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ and α-D-Gal-(1→. In vitro, antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that GSP-1a exhibited scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical (<sup>•</sup>OH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS<sup>•+</sup>), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH<sup>•</sup>). Moreover, GSP-1a was found to alleviate H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, GSP-1a upregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as <i>Ho-1</i>, <i>Gclm</i>, and <i>Nqo1</i>, and regulated the NRF2/KEAP1 and FNIP1/FEM1B pathways. The findings elucidated the structural types of GSP-1a and provided a reliable theoretical basis for its usage as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14721<i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i>sporespolysaccharidestructural characterizationantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Yue Wang Shixiang Wei Hui Lian Lingling Tong Linhui Yang Bo Ren Dongsheng Guo He Huang A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> spores polysaccharide structural characterization antioxidant activity |
| title | A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway |
| title_full | A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway |
| title_fullStr | A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway |
| title_short | A Neutral Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> Regulates Oxidative Stress via NRF2/FNIP1 Pathway |
| title_sort | neutral polysaccharide from spores of i ophiocordyceps gracilis i regulates oxidative stress via nrf2 fnip1 pathway |
| topic | <i>Ophiocordyceps gracilis</i> spores polysaccharide structural characterization antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14721 |
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