Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells
Herein, we present the photovoltaic properties of an indium phthalocyanine chloride (InClPc)-based flexible planar heterojunction device, introducing the tetrathiafulvene derivative 4,4′-Dimethyl-5,5′-diphenyltetrathiafulvalene (DMDP-TTF) as the electron donor layer. UV-vis spectroscopy is widely us...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/633 |
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| author | Leon Hamui María Elena Sánchez-Vergara |
| author_facet | Leon Hamui María Elena Sánchez-Vergara |
| author_sort | Leon Hamui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, we present the photovoltaic properties of an indium phthalocyanine chloride (InClPc)-based flexible planar heterojunction device, introducing the tetrathiafulvene derivative 4,4′-Dimethyl-5,5′-diphenyltetrathiafulvalene (DMDP-TTF) as the electron donor layer. UV-vis spectroscopy is widely used to characterize the electronic behavior of the InClPc/DMDP-TTF active layer. The interactions between the DMDP-TTF and phthalocyanine are predominantly intermolecular and the result of the aggregation of InClPc. Tauc bands were obtained at 1.41 and 2.8 eV; these energy peaks can result in a charge transfer ascribed to the transition from the DMDP-TTF to π-orbitals that are associated with the phthalocyanine ring or even with the same indium metal center. Conductive carbon (CC) was used for the cathode. Finally, an indium tin oxide (ITO)/InClPc/DMDP-TTF/CC device was fabricated by high-vacuum thermal evaporation onto a flexible substrate and the photovoltaic properties were evaluated. A diode type I-V curve behavior was observed with a photovoltaic response under illumination. A generated photocurrent of 2.25 × 10<sup>−2</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> was measured. A conductivity reduction with the incident photon energy from 1.61 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S/cm to 1.43 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S/cm is observed. The diode resistance presents two different behaviors with the applied voltage. A V<sub>TFL</sub> of 5.39 V, trap concentration of 7.74 × 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, and carrier mobility values of ~10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/V s were calculated, showing improved characteristics via the innovative implementation of an alternative TTF-derivative, indicating that the DMDP-TTF has a strong interaction at the junction where free available states are increased, thus inducing higher mobilities due to the large number of π-orbitals, which indicates the feasibility of its use in solar cells technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:54:31Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4a00f201e76c40f383b06455beaf2c06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:54:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a00f201e76c40f383b06455beaf2c062023-11-21T21:59:40ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2021-05-0112663310.3390/mi12060633Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar CellsLeon Hamui0María Elena Sánchez-Vergara1Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, MexicoHerein, we present the photovoltaic properties of an indium phthalocyanine chloride (InClPc)-based flexible planar heterojunction device, introducing the tetrathiafulvene derivative 4,4′-Dimethyl-5,5′-diphenyltetrathiafulvalene (DMDP-TTF) as the electron donor layer. UV-vis spectroscopy is widely used to characterize the electronic behavior of the InClPc/DMDP-TTF active layer. The interactions between the DMDP-TTF and phthalocyanine are predominantly intermolecular and the result of the aggregation of InClPc. Tauc bands were obtained at 1.41 and 2.8 eV; these energy peaks can result in a charge transfer ascribed to the transition from the DMDP-TTF to π-orbitals that are associated with the phthalocyanine ring or even with the same indium metal center. Conductive carbon (CC) was used for the cathode. Finally, an indium tin oxide (ITO)/InClPc/DMDP-TTF/CC device was fabricated by high-vacuum thermal evaporation onto a flexible substrate and the photovoltaic properties were evaluated. A diode type I-V curve behavior was observed with a photovoltaic response under illumination. A generated photocurrent of 2.25 × 10<sup>−2</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> was measured. A conductivity reduction with the incident photon energy from 1.61 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S/cm to 1.43 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S/cm is observed. The diode resistance presents two different behaviors with the applied voltage. A V<sub>TFL</sub> of 5.39 V, trap concentration of 7.74 × 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, and carrier mobility values of ~10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/V s were calculated, showing improved characteristics via the innovative implementation of an alternative TTF-derivative, indicating that the DMDP-TTF has a strong interaction at the junction where free available states are increased, thus inducing higher mobilities due to the large number of π-orbitals, which indicates the feasibility of its use in solar cells technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/633organic semiconductorthin filmtauc bandsolar cellsopto-electrical properties |
| spellingShingle | Leon Hamui María Elena Sánchez-Vergara Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells Micromachines organic semiconductor thin film tauc band solar cells opto-electrical properties |
| title | Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells |
| title_full | Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells |
| title_fullStr | Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells |
| title_short | Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells |
| title_sort | innovative implementation of an alternative tetrathiafulvene derivative for flexible indium phthalocyanine chloride based solar cells |
| topic | organic semiconductor thin film tauc band solar cells opto-electrical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/633 |
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