Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by skin/internal organ fibrosis, vasculopathy and autoimmunity. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) is an early SSc biomarker that predicts worse disease outcome. We previously reported that CXCL4 is an autoantigen in SSc, and anti-CXC...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Antibodies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4468/11/4/77 |
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| author | Raffaella Palazzo Katia Stefanantoni Marius Cadar Alessia Butera Valeria Riccieri Roberto Lande Loredana Frasca |
| author_facet | Raffaella Palazzo Katia Stefanantoni Marius Cadar Alessia Butera Valeria Riccieri Roberto Lande Loredana Frasca |
| author_sort | Raffaella Palazzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by skin/internal organ fibrosis, vasculopathy and autoimmunity. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) is an early SSc biomarker that predicts worse disease outcome. We previously reported that CXCL4 is an autoantigen in SSc, and anti-CXCL4 antibodies correlated with IFN-I and were more abundant in patients with lung fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether antibodies to CXCL4 in SSc are only directed to CXCL4 or recognize complexes formed by CXCL4 and heparin. Here, by analyzing an SSc cohort, we addressed the occurrence of circulating heparin-dependent VS heparin-independent anti-CXCL4 antibodies and their relationship with a few disease parameters. We found that heparin-dependent, like the heparin-independent antibodies, are higher in SSc as compared to healthy donors; they are detectable in 24% and 30% of the SSc patients, respectively, and appear inversely correlated and mutually exclusive. Like the heparin-independent antibodies, heparin-dependent antibodies correlated with digital ulcers. However, in contrast to heparin-independent antibodies, heparin-dependent antibodies did not correlate with IFN-I, but were largely expressed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This pilot study indicates that heparin-dependent antibodies are worth studying in larger SSc cohorts to address whether they discriminate SSc sub-groups with different pathological characteristics and outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a043ee123a249aeaa653ce32d41d084 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4468 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibodies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a043ee123a249aeaa653ce32d41d0842023-11-24T12:55:43ZengMDPI AGAntibodies2073-44682022-12-011147710.3390/antib11040077Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ CohortRaffaella Palazzo0Katia Stefanantoni1Marius Cadar2Alessia Butera3Valeria Riccieri4Roberto Lande5Loredana Frasca6Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, ItalyIstituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, ItalyIstituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, ItalyIstituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, ItalySystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by skin/internal organ fibrosis, vasculopathy and autoimmunity. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) is an early SSc biomarker that predicts worse disease outcome. We previously reported that CXCL4 is an autoantigen in SSc, and anti-CXCL4 antibodies correlated with IFN-I and were more abundant in patients with lung fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether antibodies to CXCL4 in SSc are only directed to CXCL4 or recognize complexes formed by CXCL4 and heparin. Here, by analyzing an SSc cohort, we addressed the occurrence of circulating heparin-dependent VS heparin-independent anti-CXCL4 antibodies and their relationship with a few disease parameters. We found that heparin-dependent, like the heparin-independent antibodies, are higher in SSc as compared to healthy donors; they are detectable in 24% and 30% of the SSc patients, respectively, and appear inversely correlated and mutually exclusive. Like the heparin-independent antibodies, heparin-dependent antibodies correlated with digital ulcers. However, in contrast to heparin-independent antibodies, heparin-dependent antibodies did not correlate with IFN-I, but were largely expressed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This pilot study indicates that heparin-dependent antibodies are worth studying in larger SSc cohorts to address whether they discriminate SSc sub-groups with different pathological characteristics and outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4468/11/4/77SScheparin-dependent antibodiesheparin-independent antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Raffaella Palazzo Katia Stefanantoni Marius Cadar Alessia Butera Valeria Riccieri Roberto Lande Loredana Frasca Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort Antibodies SSc heparin-dependent antibodies heparin-independent antibodies |
| title | Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort |
| title_full | Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort |
| title_fullStr | Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort |
| title_short | Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients’ Cohort |
| title_sort | heparin independent and heparin dependent anti cxcl4 antibodies have a reciprocal expression in a systemic sclerosis patients cohort |
| topic | SSc heparin-dependent antibodies heparin-independent antibodies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4468/11/4/77 |
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