Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations.
Vitamin B3 has been shown to play an important role during embryogenesis. Specifically, there is growing evidence that nicotinamide, the biologically active form of vitamin B3, plays a critical role as a morphogen in the differentiation of stem cells to mature cell phenotypes, including those of the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5560552?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819140521577152512 |
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| author | Síle M Griffin Mark R Pickard Rowan P Orme Clive P Hawkins Adrian C Williams Rosemary A Fricker |
| author_facet | Síle M Griffin Mark R Pickard Rowan P Orme Clive P Hawkins Adrian C Williams Rosemary A Fricker |
| author_sort | Síle M Griffin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamin B3 has been shown to play an important role during embryogenesis. Specifically, there is growing evidence that nicotinamide, the biologically active form of vitamin B3, plays a critical role as a morphogen in the differentiation of stem cells to mature cell phenotypes, including those of the central nervous system (CNS). Detailed knowledge of the action of small molecules during neuronal differentiation is not only critical for uncovering mechanisms underlying lineage-specification, but also to establish more effective differentiation protocols to obtain clinically relevant cells for regenerative therapies for neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of nicotinamide to promote the conversion of stem cells to mature CNS neurons.Nicotinamide was applied to differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC; Sox1GFP knock-in 46C cell line) during their conversion towards a neural fate. Cells were assessed for changes in their proliferation, differentiation and maturation; using immunocytochemistry and morphometric analysis methods.Results presented indicate that 10 mM nicotinamide, when added at the initial stages of differentiation, promoted accelerated progression of ESCs to a neural lineage in adherent monolayer cultures. By 14 days in vitro (DIV), early exposure to nicotinamide was shown to increase the numbers of differentiated βIII-tubulin-positive neurons. Nicotinamide decreased the proportion of pluripotent stem cells, concomitantly increasing numbers of neural progenitors at 4 DIV. These progenitors then underwent rapid conversion to neurons, observed by a reduction in Sox 1 expression and decreased numbers of neural progenitors in the cultures at 14 DIV. Furthermore, GABAergic neurons generated in the presence of nicotinamide showed increased maturity and complexity of neurites at 14 DIV. Therefore, addition of nicotinamide alone caused an accelerated passage of pluripotent cells through lineage specification and further to non-dividing mature neurons.Our results show that, within an optimal dose range, nicotinamide is able to singly and selectively direct the conversion of embryonic stem cells to mature neurons, and therefore may be a critical factor for normal brain development, thus supporting previous evidence of the fundamental role of vitamins and their metabolites during early CNS development. In addition, nicotinamide may offer a simple effective supplement to enhance the conversion of stem cells to clinically relevant neurons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:39:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a0499dbf87d498ca9a4392eb0dbc6e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:39:53Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a0499dbf87d498ca9a4392eb0dbc6e32022-12-21T18:27:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01128e018335810.1371/journal.pone.0183358Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations.Síle M GriffinMark R PickardRowan P OrmeClive P HawkinsAdrian C WilliamsRosemary A FrickerVitamin B3 has been shown to play an important role during embryogenesis. Specifically, there is growing evidence that nicotinamide, the biologically active form of vitamin B3, plays a critical role as a morphogen in the differentiation of stem cells to mature cell phenotypes, including those of the central nervous system (CNS). Detailed knowledge of the action of small molecules during neuronal differentiation is not only critical for uncovering mechanisms underlying lineage-specification, but also to establish more effective differentiation protocols to obtain clinically relevant cells for regenerative therapies for neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of nicotinamide to promote the conversion of stem cells to mature CNS neurons.Nicotinamide was applied to differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC; Sox1GFP knock-in 46C cell line) during their conversion towards a neural fate. Cells were assessed for changes in their proliferation, differentiation and maturation; using immunocytochemistry and morphometric analysis methods.Results presented indicate that 10 mM nicotinamide, when added at the initial stages of differentiation, promoted accelerated progression of ESCs to a neural lineage in adherent monolayer cultures. By 14 days in vitro (DIV), early exposure to nicotinamide was shown to increase the numbers of differentiated βIII-tubulin-positive neurons. Nicotinamide decreased the proportion of pluripotent stem cells, concomitantly increasing numbers of neural progenitors at 4 DIV. These progenitors then underwent rapid conversion to neurons, observed by a reduction in Sox 1 expression and decreased numbers of neural progenitors in the cultures at 14 DIV. Furthermore, GABAergic neurons generated in the presence of nicotinamide showed increased maturity and complexity of neurites at 14 DIV. Therefore, addition of nicotinamide alone caused an accelerated passage of pluripotent cells through lineage specification and further to non-dividing mature neurons.Our results show that, within an optimal dose range, nicotinamide is able to singly and selectively direct the conversion of embryonic stem cells to mature neurons, and therefore may be a critical factor for normal brain development, thus supporting previous evidence of the fundamental role of vitamins and their metabolites during early CNS development. In addition, nicotinamide may offer a simple effective supplement to enhance the conversion of stem cells to clinically relevant neurons.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5560552?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Síle M Griffin Mark R Pickard Rowan P Orme Clive P Hawkins Adrian C Williams Rosemary A Fricker Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations. PLoS ONE |
| title | Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations. |
| title_full | Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations. |
| title_fullStr | Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations. |
| title_short | Nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations. |
| title_sort | nicotinamide alone accelerates the conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells into mature neuronal populations |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5560552?pdf=render |
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