Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration
Twenty-four healthy castrated male Holstein growing cattle, with similar body weight (301 ± 11.5 kg), were enrolled in this study and randomly allocated into two groups (12/pen). Holstein growing cattle in the LPT (low NFC/NDF pelleted TMR) group were fed basal pelleted TMR with a low NFC/NDF ratio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/8/1036 |
| _version_ | 1797437158973243392 |
|---|---|
| author | Yinyin Chen Xiaoxiao Gong Yinghao Huang Maocheng Jiang Kang Zhan Miao Lin Guoqi Zhao |
| author_facet | Yinyin Chen Xiaoxiao Gong Yinghao Huang Maocheng Jiang Kang Zhan Miao Lin Guoqi Zhao |
| author_sort | Yinyin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Twenty-four healthy castrated male Holstein growing cattle, with similar body weight (301 ± 11.5 kg), were enrolled in this study and randomly allocated into two groups (12/pen). Holstein growing cattle in the LPT (low NFC/NDF pelleted TMR) group were fed basal pelleted TMR with a low NFC/NDF ratio (NFC/NDF = 1.07), while the HPT (high NFC/NDF pelleted TMR) group were fed with a high NFC/NDF ratio diet (NFC/NDF = 1.71). The results showed that: (1) Body measurements were found to be increased for the LPT group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); compared with the HPT group, feed intake to gain ratio and feed cost in the LPT group were decreased by 12.24% and 15.35%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Compared with the HPT group, the LPT group tended to increase chest girth. (2) Digestibility of DM and NDF in the LPT group was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the HPT group, being increased by 3.41% and 4.26%, respectively, and increased digestibility of ADF in the LPT group was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01). (3) The daily feed consumption of NDF in the LPT group was higher than that in the HPT group and the daily rumination time and chewing time in the LPT group were longer than that in the HPT group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (4) Compared with the LPT group, the parameter of pH, microbial protein and acetate: propionate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the HPT group were decreased by 8.57%, 12.46% and 23.71%, respectively. In contrast, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the HPT group, and increased by 13.49%, 19.59% and 52.70%, respectively. (5) Compared with the LPT group, rumen fluid in the HPT group diet up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of BRECs pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and TNF-α (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and meanwhile, up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of BRECs pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.01); compared with the LPT group, rumen fluid in the HPT group diet up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CCL28 and CCL20 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) chemokines in CCL types of BRECs; in addition, compared with the LPT group, rumen fluid in the HPT group up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL9 and CXCL14 chemokines in CXCL types of BRECs (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of the CXCL5 chemokine tended to be increased (<i>p</i> = 0.06). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a2f1699cac748a9b7be4edc1db61806 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a2f1699cac748a9b7be4edc1db618062023-12-01T00:31:17ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-04-01128103610.3390/ani12081036Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed RationYinyin Chen0Xiaoxiao Gong1Yinghao Huang2Maocheng Jiang3Kang Zhan4Miao Lin5Guoqi Zhao6College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaTwenty-four healthy castrated male Holstein growing cattle, with similar body weight (301 ± 11.5 kg), were enrolled in this study and randomly allocated into two groups (12/pen). Holstein growing cattle in the LPT (low NFC/NDF pelleted TMR) group were fed basal pelleted TMR with a low NFC/NDF ratio (NFC/NDF = 1.07), while the HPT (high NFC/NDF pelleted TMR) group were fed with a high NFC/NDF ratio diet (NFC/NDF = 1.71). The results showed that: (1) Body measurements were found to be increased for the LPT group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); compared with the HPT group, feed intake to gain ratio and feed cost in the LPT group were decreased by 12.24% and 15.35%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Compared with the HPT group, the LPT group tended to increase chest girth. (2) Digestibility of DM and NDF in the LPT group was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the HPT group, being increased by 3.41% and 4.26%, respectively, and increased digestibility of ADF in the LPT group was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01). (3) The daily feed consumption of NDF in the LPT group was higher than that in the HPT group and the daily rumination time and chewing time in the LPT group were longer than that in the HPT group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (4) Compared with the LPT group, the parameter of pH, microbial protein and acetate: propionate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the HPT group were decreased by 8.57%, 12.46% and 23.71%, respectively. In contrast, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the HPT group, and increased by 13.49%, 19.59% and 52.70%, respectively. (5) Compared with the LPT group, rumen fluid in the HPT group diet up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of BRECs pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and TNF-α (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and meanwhile, up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of BRECs pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.01); compared with the LPT group, rumen fluid in the HPT group diet up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CCL28 and CCL20 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) chemokines in CCL types of BRECs; in addition, compared with the LPT group, rumen fluid in the HPT group up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL9 and CXCL14 chemokines in CXCL types of BRECs (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of the CXCL5 chemokine tended to be increased (<i>p</i> = 0.06).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/8/1036low and high NFC/NDFpelleted total mixed rationgrowth performancerumen fermentationinflammatory responseHolstein growing cattle |
| spellingShingle | Yinyin Chen Xiaoxiao Gong Yinghao Huang Maocheng Jiang Kang Zhan Miao Lin Guoqi Zhao Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration Animals low and high NFC/NDF pelleted total mixed ration growth performance rumen fermentation inflammatory response Holstein growing cattle |
| title | Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration |
| title_full | Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration |
| title_fullStr | Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration |
| title_short | Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Inflammatory Response on Holstein Growing Cattle Treated with Low and High Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate to Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratio Pelleted Total Mixed Ration |
| title_sort | growth performance rumen fermentation and inflammatory response on holstein growing cattle treated with low and high non fibrous carbohydrate to neutral detergent fiber ratio pelleted total mixed ration |
| topic | low and high NFC/NDF pelleted total mixed ration growth performance rumen fermentation inflammatory response Holstein growing cattle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/8/1036 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yinyinchen growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration AT xiaoxiaogong growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration AT yinghaohuang growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration AT maochengjiang growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration AT kangzhan growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration AT miaolin growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration AT guoqizhao growthperformancerumenfermentationandinflammatoryresponseonholsteingrowingcattletreatedwithlowandhighnonfibrouscarbohydratetoneutraldetergentfiberratiopelletedtotalmixedration |