Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016
The increasing frequency and severity of natural disturbances (e.g., storms and insect outbreaks) due to climate change are expected to reduce the abundance of Norway spruce stands in the European forests. Under such conditions, the assessment of <i>status quo</i> on focusing on survival...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Forests |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745 |
| _version_ | 1797562920349990912 |
|---|---|
| author | Endijs Bāders Oskars Krišāns Jānis Donis Didzis Elferts Ieva Jaunslaviete Āris Jansons |
| author_facet | Endijs Bāders Oskars Krišāns Jānis Donis Didzis Elferts Ieva Jaunslaviete Āris Jansons |
| author_sort | Endijs Bāders |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing frequency and severity of natural disturbances (e.g., storms and insect outbreaks) due to climate change are expected to reduce the abundance of Norway spruce stands in the European forests. Under such conditions, the assessment of <i>status quo</i> on focusing on survival of Norway spruce stands are essential for the agility of forest management strategies. The dynamics (mortality rate) of Norway spruce stands in hemiboreal forests based on forest inventories for the period from 1975 to 2016 (inventories of 1975, 1985, 1999, 2011 and 2016) were analyzed in two forest landscapes in the western and eastern parts of Latvia (Vane and Dviete, respectively). The spatiotemporal changes in age-dependent mortality differing by abundance of Norway spruce and disturbance regime were assessed, focusing on the transitions of stands between age groups (inventories). The age-related changes in probability of stands transitioning into the next age group contrasted (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between sites. In Vane, the survival of stands between inventories was constant (ca. 90%), while in Dviete, it decreased sharply from 85.7% during 1985–1999 inventories to 49.3% in 2011–2016. Age-related decreases in stand survival showed local dependencies between both landscapes, namely, in Vane, notable decreases started from 61 years, while in Dviete, the downward trends started already from 31 years, probably due to different disturbance regimes. This suggests that, in forest management planning, the different outcomes for mortality patterns between both landscapes must be considered and should not be generalized for a whole country. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:35:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a3ba8523b714e86b1c4a1000f7823e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:35:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a3ba8523b714e86b1c4a1000f7823e42023-11-20T06:15:19ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-07-0111774510.3390/f11070745Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016Endijs Bāders0Oskars Krišāns1Jānis Donis2Didzis Elferts3Ieva Jaunslaviete4Āris Jansons5Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Rigas 111, LV–2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Rigas 111, LV–2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Rigas 111, LV–2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Rigas 111, LV–2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Rigas 111, LV–2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Rigas 111, LV–2169 Salaspils, LatviaThe increasing frequency and severity of natural disturbances (e.g., storms and insect outbreaks) due to climate change are expected to reduce the abundance of Norway spruce stands in the European forests. Under such conditions, the assessment of <i>status quo</i> on focusing on survival of Norway spruce stands are essential for the agility of forest management strategies. The dynamics (mortality rate) of Norway spruce stands in hemiboreal forests based on forest inventories for the period from 1975 to 2016 (inventories of 1975, 1985, 1999, 2011 and 2016) were analyzed in two forest landscapes in the western and eastern parts of Latvia (Vane and Dviete, respectively). The spatiotemporal changes in age-dependent mortality differing by abundance of Norway spruce and disturbance regime were assessed, focusing on the transitions of stands between age groups (inventories). The age-related changes in probability of stands transitioning into the next age group contrasted (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between sites. In Vane, the survival of stands between inventories was constant (ca. 90%), while in Dviete, it decreased sharply from 85.7% during 1985–1999 inventories to 49.3% in 2011–2016. Age-related decreases in stand survival showed local dependencies between both landscapes, namely, in Vane, notable decreases started from 61 years, while in Dviete, the downward trends started already from 31 years, probably due to different disturbance regimes. This suggests that, in forest management planning, the different outcomes for mortality patterns between both landscapes must be considered and should not be generalized for a whole country.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745landscapestand dynamicsforest inventorymortalitysurvival rate |
| spellingShingle | Endijs Bāders Oskars Krišāns Jānis Donis Didzis Elferts Ieva Jaunslaviete Āris Jansons Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016 Forests landscape stand dynamics forest inventory mortality survival rate |
| title | Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016 |
| title_full | Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016 |
| title_fullStr | Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016 |
| title_short | Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975–2016 |
| title_sort | norway spruce survival rate in two forested landscapes 1975 2016 |
| topic | landscape stand dynamics forest inventory mortality survival rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT endijsbaders norwaysprucesurvivalrateintwoforestedlandscapes19752016 AT oskarskrisans norwaysprucesurvivalrateintwoforestedlandscapes19752016 AT janisdonis norwaysprucesurvivalrateintwoforestedlandscapes19752016 AT didziselferts norwaysprucesurvivalrateintwoforestedlandscapes19752016 AT ievajaunslaviete norwaysprucesurvivalrateintwoforestedlandscapes19752016 AT arisjansons norwaysprucesurvivalrateintwoforestedlandscapes19752016 |