The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance
As global climate change worsens, trees will have difficulties adapting to abiotic pressures, particularly in the field, where environmental characteristics are difficult to control. A prospective commercial and ornamental tree species, <i>Styrax tonkinensis</i>, has its seed oil output...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2170 |
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| author | Ze-Mao Liu Mohammad Faizan Chen Chen Li-Hong Zheng Fang-Yuan Yu |
| author_facet | Ze-Mao Liu Mohammad Faizan Chen Chen Li-Hong Zheng Fang-Yuan Yu |
| author_sort | Ze-Mao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As global climate change worsens, trees will have difficulties adapting to abiotic pressures, particularly in the field, where environmental characteristics are difficult to control. A prospective commercial and ornamental tree species, <i>Styrax tonkinensis</i>, has its seed oil output and quality reduced as a result, which lowers the economic benefits. This necessitates growers to implement efficient strategies to increase the seeds of woody biofuel species’ tolerance to abiotic stress. Numerous studies have shown that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), a new material, and BRs assist plants to increase their resilience to abiotic stress and subsequently adapt to it. However, there have not been many investigations into <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seed resistance. In this study, we examined the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and transcriptomic results of <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seeds throughout the seed development period to investigate the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), one of the BRs, and ZnO NPs treatments alone or together on the stress resistance of <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seeds. On 70, 100, and 130 days after flowering (DAF), spraying EBL or ZnO NPs increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, and CAT) in <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seeds. Moreover, when the EBL and ZnO NPs were sprayed together, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were the strongest, which suggests that the positive effects of the two can be superimposed. On 70 and 100 DAF, the EBL and ZnO NPs treatments improved seed stress resistance, mostly through complex plant hormone crosstalk signaling, which includes IAA, JA, BR, and ABA signaling. Additionally, ABA played an essential role in hormone crosstalk, while, on 130 DAF, due to the physiological characteristics of seeds themselves in the late stage of maturity, the improvement in seed stress resistance by EBL and ZnO NPs was related to protein synthesis, especially late embryogenesis-abundant protein (LEA), and other nutrient storage in seeds. Spraying EBL and ZnO NPs during the seed growth of <i>S. tonkinensis</i> could significantly increase seed stress resistance. Our findings provide fresh perspectives on how cultural practices can increase abiotic stress tolerance in woody seedlings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:18:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a42a86916c1478485e3dd536b58f5a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:18:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a42a86916c1478485e3dd536b58f5a42023-11-24T08:27:24ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-11-011311217010.3390/genes13112170The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress ResistanceZe-Mao Liu0Mohammad Faizan1Chen Chen2Li-Hong Zheng3Fang-Yuan Yu4Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, ChinaBotany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, IndiaSchool of Landscape and Horticulture, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, ChinaAs global climate change worsens, trees will have difficulties adapting to abiotic pressures, particularly in the field, where environmental characteristics are difficult to control. A prospective commercial and ornamental tree species, <i>Styrax tonkinensis</i>, has its seed oil output and quality reduced as a result, which lowers the economic benefits. This necessitates growers to implement efficient strategies to increase the seeds of woody biofuel species’ tolerance to abiotic stress. Numerous studies have shown that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), a new material, and BRs assist plants to increase their resilience to abiotic stress and subsequently adapt to it. However, there have not been many investigations into <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seed resistance. In this study, we examined the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and transcriptomic results of <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seeds throughout the seed development period to investigate the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), one of the BRs, and ZnO NPs treatments alone or together on the stress resistance of <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seeds. On 70, 100, and 130 days after flowering (DAF), spraying EBL or ZnO NPs increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, and CAT) in <i>S. tonkinensis</i> seeds. Moreover, when the EBL and ZnO NPs were sprayed together, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were the strongest, which suggests that the positive effects of the two can be superimposed. On 70 and 100 DAF, the EBL and ZnO NPs treatments improved seed stress resistance, mostly through complex plant hormone crosstalk signaling, which includes IAA, JA, BR, and ABA signaling. Additionally, ABA played an essential role in hormone crosstalk, while, on 130 DAF, due to the physiological characteristics of seeds themselves in the late stage of maturity, the improvement in seed stress resistance by EBL and ZnO NPs was related to protein synthesis, especially late embryogenesis-abundant protein (LEA), and other nutrient storage in seeds. Spraying EBL and ZnO NPs during the seed growth of <i>S. tonkinensis</i> could significantly increase seed stress resistance. Our findings provide fresh perspectives on how cultural practices can increase abiotic stress tolerance in woody seedlings.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2170antioxidant enzyme activityEBLLEA<i>Styrax tonkinensis</i>ZnO NPs |
| spellingShingle | Ze-Mao Liu Mohammad Faizan Chen Chen Li-Hong Zheng Fang-Yuan Yu The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance Genes antioxidant enzyme activity EBL LEA <i>Styrax tonkinensis</i> ZnO NPs |
| title | The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance |
| title_full | The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance |
| title_fullStr | The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance |
| title_short | The Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Antioxidant Enzymes Revealed the Mechanism of EBL and ZnO NPs Enhancing <em>Styrax tonkinensis</em> Seed Abiotic Stress Resistance |
| title_sort | combined analysis of transcriptome and antioxidant enzymes revealed the mechanism of ebl and zno nps enhancing em styrax tonkinensis em seed abiotic stress resistance |
| topic | antioxidant enzyme activity EBL LEA <i>Styrax tonkinensis</i> ZnO NPs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2170 |
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